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This paper describes device based on the method of measurement and reproduction ultra-small dc currents by counting electrons using the electronic multiplier (EM).
This paper describes a digital alternating current (ac) quadrature bridge for impedance measurements under development at INMETRO. This bridge is primarily intended to allow the comparison of ac resistors with standard capacitors but it could be applied to a myriad of impedance-measurement tasks as the precise determination of dissipation factor of capacitors, of resistor time-constants, as well as...
The testing technique of low-frequency noise in electrolytic capacitors was presented. Using this method the time series and power spectra of low-frequency noise under room temperature and the dependences of power spectra on both terminal voltages and temperatures were measured. The results showed that the low-frequency noise in aluminum electrolytic capacitors was 1/f noise in the frequency range...
Design of a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) set-up for short-circuit tests of 1.7 kV, 1 kA IGBT modules is discussed in this paper. The test set-up allows achieving short-circuit current up to 10 kA. The important objective during the design of the test set-up is to minimize the parasitic inductance and assure equal current sharing among the parallel connected devices. Achieving of a low inductance level...
We present the comparison of results from the generation and the measurement of direct currents in the pA range, performed with traceable state-of-the-art methods at highest accuracy. The currents were generated with the capacitor charging method, and measured with the first prototype of a novel picoammeter developed at PTB. The results confirm the agreement between both methods and the linearity...
For dielectric-constant gas thermometry, the dielectric constant of rarefied gases has to be determined with a relative uncertainty of one part per million. Due to the very small dielectric susceptibility of the suitable gases, this requires to measure the change of the capacitance of the measuring capacitor containing them on the part per billion level. The technique is described briefly and results...
The paper presents an absolute measurement method of determining the voltage coefficient(VC) of high voltage capacitive dividers(CVD) by serial summation of voltage transformers. Under a series of double-voltages, by successively comparing a CVD with a full-insulated transformer, a semi-insulated transformer and their series, the VC of the CVD were gotten. The method was verified by using two voltage...
This paper describes the dielectric material and the structure of standard capacitors developed by NIM, with capacitance range of 1pF to 1µF and the accuracy of 5ppm to 50ppm at 1 kHz. High stability and high accuracy of standard capacitors mainly derives from a choice of dielectric materials which are fused-silica and nano-ceramic. And the capacitors are placed into a constant temperature control...
This paper describes a constant temperature control system for high accuracy standard capacitors developed by NIM. The system includes a constant temperature slot and temperature control circuit. Structure, material and some techniques on reducing the heat transfer of the constant temperature slot are discussed. The temperature control circuit based on PID automation control technology is used to...
We introduce a test setup for the extraction of unique identifiers and random bits using DRAM. By utilizing standard 512 MByte DDR3 modules, 400 bit/s of random bits can be generated and unique identifiers are extracted. We show that DRAM can be used as a physically unclonable function. In contrast to SRAM-based PUF, DRAM PUF allow for repeated operations without disconnecting supply voltage while...
We report the first GaN-based pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit for integrated GaN gate driver. This circuit is composed of a sawtooth generator and a comparator, both of which exhibit stable operation at temperatures up to 250 °C and operate properly at 1 MHz. The PWM circuit is able to generate PWM signals whose duty cycle is effectively modulated over a wide range by a reference voltage. This...
These glass ceramics are produced in a two-step process. In a first step a transparent glass with a solely amorphous structure is molten. In a second and independent step crystallites are grown in such glasses by applying a well defined time-temperature profile. By growing nanosized crystallites with ferro- or para-electric phases, pore free dielectric materials with very high homogeneity and high...
The U.S. Department of Defense vision for future weapons systems requires the development of electrical pulsers that exceed current state-of-the-art in energy storage density by an order of magnitude or more. Alternatives to conventional wound polymer film and single layer ceramic capacitors are needed. Composite dielectric materials consisting of ceramic nanoparticles in a polymer matrix show promise...
This article explores factors influencing the lifetime of electrolytic capacitors. Calculation of capacitor's life time in dedicated application is also described in the article. Finally comparisons of the computed results between several types of electrolytic capacitors in dedicated application are provided.
In this paper three different ZrO2 ALD processes are studied as high-k dielectric in BEoL device applications. One metal organic precursor is compared to a halide precursor used with two different oxidizing agents. The structure, composition and morphology of the films are analyzed on bare Si wafers and the electrical properties such as capacitance, leakage and reliability are investigated on fully...
Decoupling MIM capacitors are typically implemented to reduce power supply noise. In this work we reported characterization of Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) Ta2O5 and Hf-doped Ta2O5 high-k MIM capacitors. We investigated the impact of precursor choice and HfO2 addition on material, electrical and reliability characteristics of MIM capacitors. We demonstrated MIM capacitors with high capacitance density,...
To save energy, many new buildings have modern energy saving lighting installed. In large department or grocery stores the use of fluorescent lamps powered by high frequency electronic ballast is common. There are however consistent reports of large numbers of failures of the electronic ballast of these lamps. The failures of the electronic ballast are due to high temperature or bad power quality...
The testing technique of low-frequency noise in electrolytic capacitors was presented. Using this method the time series and power spectra of low-frequency noise under room temperature and the dependences of power spectra on both terminal voltages and temperatures were measured. The results showed that the low-frequency noise in aluminum electrolytic capacitors was 1/f noise in the frequency range...
The goal of this work was to show ageing of capacitors with metalized polypropylene film by the sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal voltage and to find how the shape of the voltage waveform influences the ageing rate. A special device, which makes forming of the voltage of the fundamental and selected higher harmonic component possible, was used as a source for non-sinusoidal load. Capacitors with values...
The paper examines the feasibility of using vapour phase or infrared reflow soldering technologies for multi-layer ceramic chip (MLCC) and disk ceramic capacitors by employing the pinin-paste technology. During practical experiments recommendations are made for optimizing the thermal profiles used when soldering there types of components in order to minimize the drift in the capacitance and ESR values...
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