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The following topics are dealt with: vacuum nanoelectronics; 3- to 0-dimensional electron gas; field emission and ion microscopy; carbon nanotubes; electron-wave interference; nanometer-scale distribution of field emission current; Fowler-Nordheim plots and Millikan-Lauritsen plots; N-type semiconductors; field emission array cathode; free electron lasers; annealing; screen-printing triode; carbon...
Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a type of ideal cathode materials for field emission (FE) devices. Its outstanding field emission properties can be attributed to high field enhancement on the tip due to its large aspect ratio. Early works reported that the field enhancement of CNTs in an array is strongly suppressed due to the screening effect. Further study confirmed that to avoid the screening effect,...
In this paper, three types of multi walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown with a conventional method (Type I), resist-assisted patterning (Type II, RAP), and robust (Type III) method. Electron emission current were compared with atmospheric stability of CNTs grown through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. For environmental stability measurements, these samples were annealed in 700 degC...
Field electron emitters are made from these materials: 3D materials, like in metals e.g. W, Mo and in metal compounds HfC3, W/C4, Co/C5, are applied as electron sources in transmission electron microscopes TEM, scanning electron microscopes SEM, and signal amplifier tubes. Technical applications longed for long lasting emitters, which are found using a 2D emitter Zr-O-W. Other 2D emitters are searched...
One-dimensional (1D) carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are considered to be one of the best field emitters in the near future by virtue of their high aspect ratio, chemical inertness and extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties. A lot of research demonstrated the potential of carbon nanomaterials as the electron emission scources such as flexible...
In this paper, Polyimide/mutil-walled carbon nanotube(PI/MWNTs) nanocomposites were fabricated by an in-situ polymerization process. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to analyze the microstructure of the surface and cross-section shape. The relationship between the structure of the films and the electrical property including the dielectric constant epsivr, the dielectric loss factor tandelta...
Composites of polyaniline (PANI) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were synthesized by in-situ polymerization at different multi-wall carbon nanotube contents. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray podwer diffraction (XRD). The results show that a mass of MWNT was enchased into PANI matrix and a bit of...
Carbon nanotubes exhibit high dielectric constants. They have potential for miniaturizing RF and microwave components. In this paper, this property is utilized to realize a miniaturized CNT-based RF resonator. The resonator structure is excited through a 50-Omega copper-based transmission line. The preliminary design is developed using a full-wave high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). Experimentally-extracted...
We have succeeded in fabricating ultrafine carbon nanotube (CNT) via interconnects with SiOC interlayer dielectrics. High-quality multiwalled CNTs are grown in via holes with a diameter of 70 nm using pulse-excited remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 450degC. The resistance of a 70-nm-diameter CNT via is 52 Omega, which is the lowest ever reported for CNT via interconnects. The CNT...
Arrays of silicon nanowire/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite have been synthesized by wet etching through electroless metal deposition and chemical vapor deposition. Vertically aligned Si nanowire arrays with controlled diameter and length were fabricated by Ag nanodendrite-assisted wet chemical etching of n-type or p-type silicon wafers using HF/AgNO3 solution. The composite structure was...
Novel dual-scaled superhydrophobic nano-flower surfaces were fabricated by 1-mask photolithography, DRIE and carbon nanotube (CNT) microwave plasma enhanced CVD (MPCVD). Patterned structure was characterized by SEM, TEM and AFM techniques. With the additional petal-like CNT structure, the apparent contact angle (ACA) increased dramatically compared with silicon (~140%) and parylene-coated (~78%) micropillar...
In general, for plasma switches, the initiation of the plasma is critical and this is usually achieved by a ??trigger?? scheme. The seed electrons needed to initiate a breakdown can be generated by several means such as thermionic, field or optical emission. While the thermionic emission has been used mainly in vacuum tubes and is a mature technology, field emission (or cold-cathode electron emission)...
One promising application of CNTs in microelectronics is to use vertically aligned CNT (VACNT) arrays as novel thermal interface materials (TIMs). No doubt that the vertical alignment makes the best of the extremely high longitudinal thermal conductivity of individual CNTs; however, it is the CNT/substrate interface that exerts the main restriction on phonon transport through a TIM layer. There are...
In this work we investigate the effect of various structural geometry on the field enhancement factor of an individual carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitter. We employ a computational model, that has been experimentally verified, to investigate the influence of system component geometry. Our results show that, in certain cases, the influences of support length and anode-cathode separation distance are...
In order to understand the behavior of carbon nanotubes in-vivo, we develop an original flexible microelectrode array. We place on it two types of electrodes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium nitride (TiN). We used this device to monitor electrocorticogram of a non-human primate during one year. Our results demonstrate the biocompatibility of our CNT. We also show the magnitude of the ECoG is...
We demonstrate a novel MEMS technique for fabrication of a well-aligned individual carbon nanotube field emission gun for high-resolution electron beam applications.
Evaporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) cathodes and the degradation of its field emission are reported in this paper. After 100 h at 1323 K the emission current density decreases from 6.50 to 0.20 mA/cm2 at 7.50 V/mum field strength, while the turn-on field increases from 1.92 to 2.45 V/mum at a current density of 0.1 muA/cm2. The C+-ion current in a mass spectrometer has also been measured to compare...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/diamond composite were synthesized by microwave-sintering method and the field emission property was studied. The binding energy of two materials become larger and the carbonization of the diamond less, compare to sintering in the common tube furnace. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological and the structural features. The CNTs were well-proportioned...
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown by spray pyrolysis of acetylene as the carbon source in the presence of Au-Co as catalyst precursors. A high yield of network-shaped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with further purification has been obtained in the optimal conditions. The optimum synthesis parameters included a synthesis temperature of 700degC, growth time of 30 min, and a flow rate of acetylene...
We evaluated thermal conduction of a single carbon nanotube (CNT) in air. Heating the end of the CNT locally by a microheater, we measured temperature dependence of electrical resistance of the single CNT. First, we fabricated the microheater for local heating and four electrodes for electrical resistance measurement on a Silicon on Insulator (SOI) wafer and made a gap for heat insulation. The effectiveness...
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