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We propose a distributed routing scheme for cog- nitive radio ad hoc networks which, besides the awareness of the dynamic behavior of the primary users, also considers that some primary users may be hidden to secondary nodes, thus creating asymmetry in the spectrum opportunity availability. We identify this "Hidden Primary User" problem and we introduce in our distributed protocol a mechanism...
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly being used to implement large datapath-oriented applications that are designed to process multiple-bit wide data. Studies have shown that the regularity of these multi-bit signals can be effectively exploited to reduce the implementation area of datapath circuits on FPGAs that employ the traditional bidirectional routing. Most of modern FPGAs,...
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a new paradigm that enable nodes to exploit unoccupied frequency spectrum for transmissions. Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have been proposed to enable wireless mesh networks to communicate via dynamic channels. Many existing research consider routing in static CRNs with relatively stable communication channel where the duration of the availability of the communication channel...
This paper explores the FPGA routing architecture based on a new concept of “general switch box (GSB)” to improve the performance of FPGA. Compared with the existing CB/SB routing architecture and CS-box architecture, the proposed GSB architecture has much larger exploration space. Experimental results with MCNC benchmark circuits show that the performance of FPGAs with GSB is about 24.3% better than...
Recently, wireless mesh networks have been proposed as a mechanism to provide alternative broadband wireless internet access. The usage of multiple radios transmitting at diverse frequency bands allows a significant increase in the capacity of such networks. However, popular Hybrid Channel Assignment strategies, which use a fixed interface for receiving and a switchable interface for transmitting...
This paper proposes a novel approach for efficient implementation of a real-valued arbiter-based physical unclon-able function (PUF) on FPGA. We introduce a high resolution programmable delay logic (PDL) implemented by lookup table (LUT) internal structure. Using the PDL, we perform fine tuning to cancel out delay skews caused by asymmetries in routing and systematic variations. We devise a symmetric...
Cognitive radio networks (CRN) have emerged as a promising, yet challenging, solution to enhance spectrum utilization, thanks to the technology of cognitive radios. In this work, we consider the multicast routing and channel allocation problem in cognitive radio mesh networks. Due to the potential heterogeneity in channel availability among mesh routers (MRs) and the frequency switching latency, end-to-end...
As the number of cores on a single chip increases with more recent technologies, a packet-switched on-chip interconnection network has become a de facto communication paradigm for chip multiprocessors (CMPs). However, it is inevitable to suffer from high communication latency due to the increasing number of hops. In this paper, we attempt to accelerate network communication by exploiting communication...
We propose “mode switch”, an adaptive load-sensitive solution that supports both an energy-efficient operation mode for transmitting normal sensor data and an QoS-aware low-latency mode for high priority emergency messages. Typically, sensor networks are considered to operate efficiently w.r.t. energy consumption. A good example is the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which has mainly been designed for this...
With the number of processor cores increasing in chip multi-processors (CMPs) and global wire delays increasing, networks on chip have been gaining wide acceptance for on-chip inter-core communication. This paper introduces a low latency Dynamic Virtual Output Queues Router (DVOQR), which can reduce the router latency to two cycles by leveraging look-ahead routing computation and virtual output address...
Scan shift power can be reduced by activating only a subset of scan cells in each shift cycle. In contrast to shift power reduction, the use of only a subset of scan cells to capture responses in a cycle may cause capture violations, thereby leading to fault coverage loss. In order to restore the original fault coverage, new test patterns must be generated, leading to higher test-data volume. In this...
Multi-topology routing is proposed to address the issues of fault-tolerance and routing optimization in small satellite constellation networking. This simulation model and routing protocol have been designed using STK and OPNET. The results of simulation experiments verify the fault-tolerance and resilience of the multi-topology routing algorithm, and optimal routes based on different topologies can...
Smart Grid collectively refers to various visions of how energy generation, distribution, and consumption should be managed to overcome many of the shortcomings of today's electricity grids and to sustain our ever more electricity dependent societies. One important enabling component of Smart Grid will be a fine-grained and reliable communications infrastructure that links together the many elements...
With the number of processor cores increasing in chip multi-processors (CMPs) and global wire delays increasing, networks on chip have been gaining wide acceptance for on-chip inter-core communication. This paper introduces a low latency Dynamic Virtual Output Queues Router (DVOQR), which can reduce the router latency to two cycles by leveraging look-ahead routing computation and virtual output address...
Cognitive radio technology solves the problem of spectrum underutilization by allowing the unlicensed users to opportunistically access available spectrum without affecting the activity of licensed user. Channel assignment and routing in cognitive radio networks is especially challenging in networks where nodes are equipped with only a single transceiver (as is the case in commodity wireless networks...
In this work we design a virtual backbone to provide energy-efficient communication in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). WSNs need virtual backbones to support in-network data transmission. In scenarios where there is no spatial redundancy (such as a sensor network in a petroleum installation), Connected Dominating Set (CDS)-based algorithms can be useful for hierarchical network management. We construct...
In random broadcasting or dynamic broadcast, source packets that have to be broadcast to all the other nodes are generated at each node of a network or a parallel/distributed system at random instances or in an uncoordinated manner. In this paper, we propose a priority-based routing scheme, to be referred to as prioritized dominating-set broadcasting (PDB), for random broadcasting in k-ary n-cubes...
This paper presents a router structure for Network-on-Chips called Quad Router which benefits from communication locality. The router can be shared among more than one Processing Element (PE), so the average hop count of a packet is decreased. This structure consists of eight input buffers and eight output ports by which two different topologies are introduced called Double-Link Mesh (DLM) and Crossbar...
MPLS recovery mechanisms are increasing in popularity because they can guarantee fast restoration and high QoS assurance. In fact, QoS is important for interactive voice and video application and for specific clients. However, link failure always incurs delay and packet losses of the traffic passing through the failed link. Therefore, network has to restore the traffic by switching the affected traffic...
Network-on-chip (NoC) is being proposed as a scalable and reusable communication platform for future embedded systems. The performance of NoC largely depends on the underlying deadlock-free and efficient routing algorithm. When the adaptive routing returns a set of acceptable output channels, then a selection strategy is used to select the output channel, therefore the selection strategy affects the...
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