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Recently, various novel biosensors have been widely studied and developed for early diagnostics of various diseases. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a physical phenomenon between two fluorophores which transfers emission energy from donor to acceptor for excitation. We have shown that FRET can be used for sensing neurotransmitters which are related with brain diseases such as Alzheimer's...
Glioma is the most frequently occurring primary brain tumor in neurosurgery. The PTEN tumor suppressor gene has an essential biological role in the formation of gliomas. The levels of extrons expression of PTEN mRNA in gliomas maybe have some difference with normal brain tissues. In addition, the expression of PTEN protein maybe various among different histological grade gliomas. In this regard, the...
Mutant protein hSKCa3 responsible for Schizophrenia is taken from NCBI's Entrez database; its 3D structure is determined by homology modelling. The conotoxin protein is taken from NCBI's Entrez database & its 3D structure is established. The structure of Withanolide is determined and docked with conotoxin protein; this combination is docked with hSKCa3 protein, hence establishing a remedy.
Intrinsic optical signal (IOS) indicates activities of cerebral cortical neurons in the optical imaging method, which is one of the in vivo recording methods of activities of cerebral cortical neurons. We propose the IOS imaging method for craniotomy procedure such as diagnostic use of epilepsy surgery. We designed a prototype CMOS image sensor device using 0.35-??m CMOS standard process for in vivo...
Neurotoxins can be divided into presynaptic neurotoxins and postsynaptic neurotoxins based on their mechanism of action. The two neurotoxins have important application in basic research and drug design. Presynaptic neurotoxins have been used for treatment of migraine headache and cerebral palsy. Therefore, the successful prediction of these two neurotoxins is becoming very important in recent years...
Alzheimer's disease usually causes dementia in the old people and the symptom progression of the disease phenotype displays certain patterns. One possible reason is that the nerve cells in the brains of the patients degenerate at different stages. Here, we analyze the dynamics of disease progression based on its biomolecular network. We develop a novel computational method to integrate an ensemble...
This acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage-insensitive cation channels expressed in both central and peripheral neurons. ASICs are activated by extracellular protons, and several agents modify the response. ASICs are members of the larger degenerin/epithelial Na_channel (DEG/ENaC) family of ion channels. The sequence of mouse amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal, ACCN2_MOUSE has...
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) of the epithelial sodium channel/degenerin (ENaC/DEG) gene family are protongated cation channels. ASICs have two transmembrane segments which are hydrophobic. Various proton-gated ion channels suggest that, ASIC and MDEG probably seems to be the first two members of this family and the genes for the new channels remain to be discovered. The presence of a large extracellular...
In this study, we tried to discriminate the direction of arm force from hemoglobin concentration changes measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to classify the force direction information obtained from the NIRS signals. In a human subject experiment, the subjects were required to perform isometric arm movements in four directions. We investigated the feature...
This work presents a methodology for finding phenotype candidate genes starting from a set of known related genes. This is accomplished by automatically mining and organizing the available scientific literature using Gene Ontology-based semantic similarity. As a case study, Brugada syndrome related genes have been used as input in order to obtain a list of other possible candidate genes related with...
The electrochemical behavior of neural implants with 50 mum-diameter platinum electrodes was tested during acute implantations in the motor cortex of anesthetized rats. Custom Ag|AgCl reference electrodes were prepared that could be co-implanted with the probes. The results obtained in vivo are compared with in vitro measurements performed in buffered saline solution (PBS) with and without the addition...
The propagation of shear waves in soft tissue can be visualized by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to characterize tissue mechanical properties. Dynamic deformation of brain tissue arising from shear wave propagation may underlie the pathology of blast-induced traumatic brain injury. White matter in the brain, like other biological materials, exhibits a transversely isotropic structure, due...
Currently available methods for analyzing the structural properties of neural tissue are limited by the frequency at which data can be collected and by the need to sacrifice the specimen to correlate histology with other data. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can be used to complement conventional histological and imaging-based methods by measuring real-time electrical data that can be ascribed...
Targeted neural excitation coupled with simultaneous multineuron recording is desirable both for studying the real-time dynamics of neural circuits and for prospective clinical treatment of neurological diseases. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing the light sensitive channel protein Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) has recently been reported as a means for millisecond temporal control...
The successful use of implantable neural microelectrodes as neuroprosthetic devices depends on the mitigation of the reactive tissue response of the brain. One of the factors affecting the ultimate severity of the reactive tissue response and the in vivo electrical properties of the microelectrodes is the initial adsorption of proteins onto the surface of the implanted microelectrodes. In this study...
Neurotransmitters (NTs) are substances in the brain which are responsible for the transmission of neurological impulses. Changes in their concentrations are associated with numerous behavioral and physiological processes and neurological disorders. As opposed to the traditional chromatographic and capillary electrophoresis, using electrochemical sensors is a fast and inexpensive way to determine concentrations...
As the average life expectancy increases, particularly in developing countries, prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has also increased. This trend is especially alarming for Alzheimer's disease (AD); as there is no cure to stop or reverse the effects of AD. However, recent pharmacological advances can slow the progression of AD, but only if AD is diagnosed at early stages. We have previously...
Presynaptic nerve terminals are located at the ends of nerve cells; a signal propagating through a nerve cell reaches one of these compartments before being transmitted to an adjacent nerve cell. A tethered particle system (TPS) is a type of impulse-based model recently developed for the simulation of deformable biological structures. In a TPS, collisions can cause approaching particles to rebound...
Neural prostheses and recording devices have been successfully interfaced with the nervous system; however, substantial integration issues exist at the biomaterial-tissue interface. In particular, the loss of neurons at the implantation site and the formation of a gliotic scar capsule diminish device performance. We have investigated the potential of a tissue-engineered coating, consisting of adhesion...
The following topics have been dealt with: middlewares; neurophysiology; biomedical imaging; medical image processing; genetics; genomics; proteins; proteomics; electronic health records; health information systems; cancer; ontology; support systems; data mining; biological organs; stents; drugs; medical diagnosis; health care information management; blood; cellular biophysics; microorganisms; biological...
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