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Iron and steel enterprises green suppliers' selection belongs to a fuzzy multi-criteria decision problem. Vague sets method is suitable for solving the problems of this kind. However, the score function and the similarity calculation method of Vague sets still have some defects so that cannot reflect the experts' opinion precisely. This paper proposed new methods based on limit formula to calculate...
In the paper, we first put forward an uncertain transportation model for transhipment not permitted when the pessimistic value criterion is true. Secondly, balanced condition of an uncertain transportation model is presented. Thirdly, we conduct the numerical experiments. Lastly, we analyze the changes of the total cost, the total number of shipping products and the average cost of shipping one unit...
This paper studies the impact of macro economic uncertainty on the direct and indirect investments of non-financial companies during 2001 -- 2009 by using the random effect model of panel data. The results show that the macro economic uncertainty calculated by the GARCH model has different effects on the direct and indirect investments. That is, macro economic uncertainty restrains the direct investments...
In real option pricing, it is impractical to assume the net present value of expected cash flow payoff as an exact number because it is a forecasted vague one. The price can be defined as a fuzzy number to express its estimated uncertain values and the Binomial Tree is used to price a real option. A modified pricing approach to real options is thus proposed to transform the forecasted uncertain values...
the investment of visitor attractions (IVA) is irreversible and uncertain. Tourism demand is the main uncertain factor affected it. Based on the Real Options Theory, this paper studies the optimal investment timing of visitor attractions (VA) under the uncertainty of tourism demand, and does the numerical analysis to the parameters in the model. The conclusion is: the greater the uncertainty of tourism...
The control of parent company has been the indispensable and most effective tool for the healthily development of the enterprise. Parent- subsidiary has developed rapidly, but the issue of control always exists, and its effectiveness can't satisfy expectation. Combining with these influencing factors: external environment uncertainty, parent strategy and subsidiary's strategy role, this paper reviews...
Governments have an irreplaceable role in technical progress, but they can not be the main body instead of business. Goals of governments and enterprises in technological innovation are not consistent, so governments should build a "field" for enhancing businesses the sense of competitive edge and innovative preferences to motivate and guide technological innovation. The optimal behavior...
Abstract-this paper selects listed company data of A share from 1999 to 2008, explores the relationship among different levels of corporate governance, uncertainties of macro/ industry/ individual and the value of corporate cash holding. The results show that enterprises are facing higher degree of uncertainty, the higher the value of its cash holdings, this higher level of corporate governance reflects...
Risk is a concern for any project whereas infrastructure energy projects are considered more sensitive. The complication of such projects is deepened by great deal of required capital, lots of interfaces and diversified stakeholders. While capital is of the essence, its provision could be done through 'project finance' or 'traditional finance'. The two streams of lending are elaborated while the prominence...
The choice of control mechanism is one of the most concerned issues in the formation and management of international joint ventures. It is also one of the latest topics in the IJV researches. However, due to the different theoretical basis and perspectives in different studies, there are contradictory research results. Moreover, the researches on the parent company's choice of control mechanisms have...
We explore the strategic interactions among oligopolists providing future and spot output simultaneously in condition of uncertainty and risk-averse downstream user. Upstream oligopolistic motivation for providing long term contracts is weakened since downstream users' risk-aversion leads to long term contract price lower than expected spot price while demand fluctuation is stochastic. Although this...
Culture has a substantial and definite influence on organizations, organizational behavior, and the management of organizations. Taking the cultural differences into consideration is critical for a successful Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation. The literature indicates that the cultural differences cause difficulties in the implementation of Western ERP software programs in developing...
This study applies an evidential reasoning (ER) approach for risk evaluation in Mobile Commerce (MC) development. The evidential reasoning (ER) methodology is used to model the uncertainties inherent in MC risk evaluation and to aggregate the assessments of MC risk elements and components. At last, an example is solved to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the suggested model. The empirical...
In Recent years, need theories encountered many questions when applied in various cultures. The article discusses the reasons why so many questions arises, the cultural effects on human needs, and the approaches to apply need theories in various cultures.
In this paper we present an investment problem where a decision maker from a company has to decide on the best among four possible alternatives of power supply. Two of these alternatives are related to investment in a thermal generator to produce electricity for the company own use. In this framework there are many uncertainties that have strong influence on the net present values of each alternative...
Effort estimation in software development projects is far from being an easy task. In fact, despite the several effort estimation techniques available in the literature and the need for companies to perform such task in a daily basis, most small and medium-sized companies still suffer from the problem of incorrect estimations that often result in losing the contract bid or in failure during project...
Distributed generation (DG) units are increasing in number all over the world, thus providing new opportunities, but also challenges for distribution system operators. This paper briefly describes the status for integration of DG in Norway, highlighting challenges that Norwegian distribution network companies are facing with regard to large scale integration of DG, typically small scale hydro. The...
This study attempts to investigate how perceived information quality (PIQ) and perceived customer orientation (PCO) engage in affecting customer trust. These two constructs are expected to have direct and synergistic effects on customer trust during an online shopping. This article exploits the moderating role of PCO in the effect of PIQ on customer trust, in addition to the direct effects of PIQ...
According to investment method, this paper investigates investment in four parts: cash outflows direct investment, cash inflow direct investment, and cash outflows indirect investment and cash inflow indirect investment. This paper uses four indexes as proxy variable to describe the expansion and contraction of the cash flows of investment. Furthermore, the author studies the influence factors of...
The engagement of new ventures in simultaneous cross-border venture capital with different partners has become a ubiquitous phenomenon in today's international business landscape. This paper reviews and synthesizes the extant cross-border venture capital syndication literature and organizes it around three key research areas: (a) the motivation and decision of cross-border venture capital syndication;(b)...
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