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With the high speed development of China's economy, fires occur frequently in public assembly occupancies. Public liability of fire risk is different from that of general liability risk. The generalized linear model (GLM) cannot be used directly in pricing for the public liability of fire risk, whose sample data shows the characteristics of low probability, heavy loss and fat tail. And because of...
By loss-allowing the two-sector profit model was extended and the strategies of international transfer pricing for multi-national corporations under centralized-decision, tariff, income tax, exchange rate and tax credit were discussed. It was discovered that the profit maximization of multi-national corporations corresponds to the transferring price at the break-even point of the branch when the income...
Air transportation plays an increasing crucial role in daily life in the present day. At present, more than 33% of the world's aviation fleet is rented from leasing companies and the proportion is likely to keep growing. We study a problem of rental rate pricing and rental contract designing in aircraft leasing industry. In a framework of Stackelberg game, the system is composed of an airline and...
In the present study, we use the concept of the straight coupon bond pricing model proposed by Tsuda (2006) to estimate a price evaluation model for investment corporation bonds: bonds issued by investment corporations for the purpose of raising funds. This model obtains credit risk information, such as default probability, from the market prices of bonds. The model simultaneously estimates implied...
Internal control level directly affects the quality of financial report of a firm and CPA's audit input and risk. Do CPAs take such a relation into account when they decide the level of audit fees charged to firms? In this paper, the author conducts an empirical study on the relationship between the internal control quality, audit risk and audit fees, using a sample of 1395 companies listed on Shanghai...
With the development of cloud computing,as a cloud computing service, cloud storage widely applied to enterprises and people's daily life in the form of the public cloud storage, hybrid cloud storage , internal cloud storage. In the current internet environment, the annual investment in providing public cloud storage services is more than ?500 million. More and more companies have joined the R &...
In this paper, we consider the design of the day-ahead market for the smart electrical grid. Consumers with flexible demand and generator companies participate in the market to settle on their load and supply schedules, respectively. The market is operated by an Independent System Operator (ISO) whose purpose is to maximize social welfare while keeping load and supply balanced in the electricity network...
Platform as a service (PaaS) solutions are changing the way how software is produced, distributed, consumed, and priced. Due to the wide variety of approaches to PaaS and the absence of a formula that represents the drivers of successful platforms, the goal of this paper is to identify developers' preferences on PaaS. An adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis has been performed and was completed...
Service is different from product, its intangibility, simultaneity and heterogeneity make it unable to store, and so its demand and supply are different. This paper studies both price and waiting time's influence on demand and supply in a service company, by affecting customer's demand and service provider's capacity. We constructs a queuing-based optimization model with underlying quasi birth-and-death...
This paper presents an optimization model for the re-design of supply chains in the global context. Several international factors are considered in the model (exchange rates, taxation, etc.). In addition to logistics decisions, the model determines the transfer prices of the products shipped between the sites of the company. The transfer prices are calculated by using the profit split method. This...
Financial information that has being deteriorated by fraud will misled users. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to identify the association between five ratios of financial reporting risks to predict fraud. Furthermore, this paper also investigates the impacts of fraud detection on audit fee. Thus, sample of 10 of fraudulent companies and sample of 40 non fraudulent companies are being identified...
Recently, the BOT (build-operate-transfer) scheme has been garnering increasing attention from both academic and practical fields. In order to make the decision-making more scientific and effective, this paper takes traffic BOT projects as research objectives, and proposes a dynamic game model of complete information to balance the benefits of the government and company. According to the refining...
With the growing market of vehicle electrification the need to understand impacts on California's electricity grid becomes essential to utility providers. This paper reviews the concerns and mitigation efforts by California's IOUs and MOUs in response to the paradigm shift in light duty vehicle (LDV) electrification; specifically, Plug-In & Hybrid Electric vehicles. Tariff scheduling, pricing...
This paper focuses on real option theory and on its applications in 4G LTE mobile network. The objective of this paper are (1) to introduce real option theory and to discuss its applicability as a decision support tools, (2) to exemplify some real options present in 4G LTE communication of MNO markets, and (3) to apply real option approach based on the proposed pricing model to the selected case to...
Since the 2008 Financial Crisis, trade of convertible bonds in China has tended to be dull with its market size shrinking, which is in sharp contrast with the previous market boom. One reason for this contrast is that the price of convertible bonds is mainly dominated by market sentiment, rather than the underlying company stock prices, and that there is no proper pricing tool in practice. Based on...
This paper develops the pricing model for hotel industries competing in the same market segment. We consider the condition that the hotels may face the deterministic demand or uncertain demand and price sensitive customers. The seasonal factors are also considered. We use game theory to evaluate the systems for both deterministic and stochastic demand scenarios. Based on case studies we can conclude...
As cloud services need a fair pricing for both service providers and customers. If the price is too high, the customer may not use it, if the price is too low, service providers have less incentive to develop services. This paper proposes a novel pricing framework for cloud services using game theory (Cournot Duopoly, Cartel, and Stackelberg models) and data mining techniques (clustering and classification,...
The demand for electrical power is not constant. There are certain times of the day where the demand levels are much higher than the rest of the day. The demand can often exceed the generation capacity and when that happens, the utility companies can either shed loads or buy additional electrical energy from wholesale electricity markets to close the gap between demand and supply. These markets clear...
Evaluation of e-commerce businesses has a theoretical and practical importance in strengthening enterprise value management, brand building to promote e-commerce, venture capital and other areas .This articles firstly analyses the principle of option pricing mode and then amends it. Combining with the basic methods of business valuation - discounted earnings method, a new valuation method for e-commerce...
A method to determine the tier tap of basic electricity consumption based on the demand response is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the joint electricity pricing of Time-of-Use (TOU) & Tiered is introduced. A computable demand response model is developed to analyze the demand and expenditure variation caused by the joint pricing with the utilization of the different price elasticity of the basic...
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