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Red toon leaves have been consumed as herbal medicine and vegetable. In this study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of its ethanol extract were investigated. The results showed that the extract was an effective scavenger in quenching hydroxyl radicals with IC50 of 10.57 mg/mL. A linear correlation between concentration of the extract and reducing power was observed with a coefficient of r2...
We present nonparametric methods for segmenting and classifying stem cell nuclei so as to enable the automatic monitoring of stem cell growth and development. The approach is based on combining level set methods, multiresolution wavelet analysis, and non-parametric estimation of the density functions of the wavelet coefficients from the decomposition. Additionally, to deal with small size textures...
Monitoring of embryos is an important activity during In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) procedures. A critical stage is that of the early embryo, which is formed by a small number of cells (blastomeres): the morphology of such cells is considered to be a powerful indicator of the embryo viability. We deal with the challenging problem of automatically segmenting the different blastomeres in the early embryo...
The precise assessment of embryo viability is an extremely important factor for the optimisation of the in vitro fertilisation procedure. In order to assess embryo viability, several embryo scoring systems have been developed. However, they rely mostly on the subjective visual analysis of the embryo morphological features. For instance, an important feature for evaluation of embryos at the day 5 post-fertilisation...
Cortical folding is an essential geometric characteristic of the human cerebral cortex. The cortical folding pattern conveys important information about brain architecture and function. Cortical thickness is another important morphological feature that reflects the size, density, and arrangement of cells in the cortex. Meanwhile, cortical regions are connected by short-distance or long-distance white...
A variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been promising in various tissue engineering applications, such as the porcine small intestinal submucosa. Yet no particular scaffolds have been optimal for vocal fold regeneration. The decellularized human umbilical vein (HUV) is a novel allogeneic scaffold that has shown some promise for cardiovascular tissue engineering. This study examines...
To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases cancer cell adhesion to intact microvessels, we measured adhesion rates of MDA-MB-435s human breast cancer cells in the postcapillary venule of rat mesentery by in vivo video microscopy. An individual postcapillary venule in the mesentery was cannulated via a glass micropipette filled with cancer cells and 1% BSA Ringer solution...
CD151 plays an important role in the regulation of cell migration, vascular morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Many of these processes are related to the strength of cell-matrix attachment. In this study, traction force microscopy (TFM) was used to determine whether knockdown of CD151 in endothelial cells would lead to a significant modification in cell-matrix adhesion. Human dermal microvascular...
Rotator cuff tears are among the most common shoulder injuries that require surgery. High failure rates of biological graft-based repairs underscore the need for functional alternatives. Specifically, functional grafts must incorporate the gradient of mineralization from tendon to bone in order to be biomimetic. In this study, effects of varying concentrations of mineral content in aligned nanofiber...
Epithelial-stromal interactions play a crucial role in normal embryonic development and carcinogenesis of the human breast while the underlying mechanisms of these events remain poorly understood. Here, we constructed a physiologically relevant, 3D culture surrogate of complex human breast tissue that included a tri-culture system made up of human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A), fibroblasts and...
This paper reports a new method to induce osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Singly dissociated hESCs treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632 were plated on type I fibrillar collagen (FC) coatings and achieved a high rate of survival. After culturing in osteogenic medium for 10 d, several cell colonies developed on the coatings. Cells forming the colonies showed homogenous,...
The pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provides the unique opportunity to derive tissue specific cells, an ability of particular interest in regenerative medicine. In the study of bone regeneration, there is interest in directing hESCs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which under the appropriate conditions gives rise to mineral-producing osteoblasts. To evaluate the efficiency of...
Spatial dispersion of action potential duration (APD) restitution (APDR) due to electrophysiological heterogeneities in the heart, has been suggested to act as a potent arrhythmogenic substrate. In this work, we evaluate a method aimed at quantifying APDR slope dispersion (Δα) from the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). A 2D human ventricular in silico tissue preparation is used, from which APDR slope...
Patients suffering from the congenital Long-QT syndrome have been reported to react highly sensitive to the presence of β-adrenergic agents that are produced by the sympathetic nervous system. In this work we used an anisotropic and electrophysiologically heterogeneous insilico model to reproduce wedge experiments in which the Long-QT syndrome was induced pharmacologically. The integration of an intracellular...
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in the developed countries. Identifying key cellular processes involved in generation of the electrical signal and in regulation of signal transduction pathways is essential for unraveling the underlying mechanisms of heart rhythm behavior. Computational cardiac models provide important insights into cardiovascular function and disease. Sensitivity...
Long QT syndrome is a repolarization disorder characterized by marked prolongation of QT interval. A clear consequence of long QT syndrome is the occurrence of a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia called Torsade de Pointes, which has been related to early after depolarizations (EADs) formation. This repolarizing disorder has been observed under pathological situations, such as heart failure, oxidative...
Advanced technology has enabled identification of tissue-specific methylated CpG islands of different human tissues. As methylation of CpG islands is involved in various biological phenomena and function of the DNA methylation is linked to various human diseases such as cancer, analysis of the CpG islands has become important and useful in characterising and modelling biological phenomena and understanding...
A three-dimensional anatomically and electro-physiologically realistic model of atrial propagation is developed utilizing generic cardiac ionic models fitted to experimentally recorded action potentials (APs). The atrial geometry incorporated realistic wall thickness and twelve anatomical structures, including the sino-atrial node (SAN), pulmonary veins, interatrial septum, Bachmann's bundle and coronary...
Biomaterials have been widely used in reconstructive bone surgery to heal critical-size long bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection, and tissue degeneration. In particular, gelatin cryogel scaffolds are promising new biomaterials owing to their biocompatibility; in addition, the in vitro modification of biomaterials with osteogenic signals enhances the tissue regeneration in vivo, suggesting...
Endothelial cells are exposed to mechanical stimuli from blood flow and blood pressure. However, it is not yet fully understood how their simultaneous exposure affects endothelial function. Firstly, in this study we investigated the effect of combined stress on morphology of cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). In the results, HAECs exposed to steady flow (a pressure of 100 mmHg, and a...
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