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In this paper, we propose a two-stage model for unconstrained face detection. The first stage is based on the normalized pixel difference (NPD) method, and the second stage uses the deformable part model (DPM) method. The NPD method applied to in the wild image datasets outputs the unbalanced ratio of false positive to false negative face detection when the main goal is to achieve minimal false negative...
We report solar-bind UV detectors based on nanophotonic metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures. The nanostructured metal acts as the UV absorber, while the large meta/oxide interfacial energy barrier (>4 eV) eliminates the solar response. Quantum efficiencies >100% are demonstrated due to hot-electron induced avalanche gain in Si.
This paper assesses the experimental implementation of three voltage events classification algorithms. They are known in the literature as symmetrical component algorithm, six-phase algorithm and space vector algorithm. They use the fundamental voltages and sequence's components estimated by a sequence detector proposed by the authors previously. This detector is synchronized with the network achieving...
We present, for the first time, a phase-sensitive 2-dimensional imaging system for THz- and mmW-band applications using a single pixel intensity-only detector and the “PhaseLift” algorithm. The complex sampling mask required for the PhaseLift procedure is implemented using a commercial LCD projector and a high-resistivity silicon wafer combined to work as a spatial light modulator harnessing the photoelectric...
This work presents the theoretical analysis of the effects of dielectric relaxation on the response of polymer piezoelectric sensors. In systems that obtain spatial information from temporal signals, such as optoacoustic tomography, the accurate characterization of transducers is very important. There are many works in the literature about reconstruction algorithms assuming ideal piezoelectric sensors...
This paper presents characteristics and layout of an integrated charge-sensitive amplifier for the multichannel front-end electronics. The design constraints and requirements are based on the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment two detector layers: Silicon Tracing System working with silicon strip detectors and the Muon Chamber working with gas detectors. The amplifier is designed for low-power...
This paper summarizes work performed within the Polish applied research project THzOnLine aiming at multi-pixel THz detectors based on selective NMOS transistors and its application in biology, medicine and security systems. The techniques applied for increasing the efficiency of THz detectors, as well as issues related to development of the readout electronics for these devices are discussed in the...
Wafer level integration of photonic detectors on a silicon substrate is expected to dramatically bring down the cost of detectors. State-of-the-art manufacturing of focal plane arrays (FPA) is based on wafer level processing including mesa delineation, surface passivation, metal evaporation, and indium deposition, followed by a die-level fabrication with dicing, flip-chip bonding to a silicon read-out...
This paper presents a quasi-spiral THz antenna which acts as an Infrared (IR) Fresnel zone plate lens. This antenna can be the base for compact THz — IR integrated dual band sensors. The proposed configuration consists of a submillimeter wave antenna (working at around 400 GHz) which acts as a modified Fresnel Zone Plate lens for the in the IR range (around 28 THz).
Silicon detectors have been used in astrophysics satellites and particle detectors for high energy physics (HEP) experiments. For HEP applications, EMC studies have been conducted in silicon detectors to characterize the impact of external noise on the system. They have shown that problems associated with the new generation of silicon detectors are related with interferences generated by the power...
We present an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), which is intended for readout and analog processing of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays' signals. The number of channels of the analog front-end ASIC as well as the types of their input stages depends on the application. The current version of the chip contains three current-input channels and three voltage-input channels. Each of...
Optical frequency division based on mode-locked laser frequency combs makes possible the coherent transfer of frequency stability from optical systems to electronics. It has enabled a revolution in time keeping and frequency metrology. In this paper we describe progress on new methods for frequency comb generation including whispering-gallery-based microcombs and electro-optical comb generation. Demonstration...
Modern high-energy physics experiments such as the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at CERN produce an extraordinary amount of data every 25ns. To handle a data rate of more than 50Tbit/s a multi-level trigger system is required, which reduces the data rate. Due to the increased luminosity after the Phase-II-Upgrade of the LHC, the CMS tracking system has to be redesigned. The current trigger system...
In this paper the performance of the 2D pixel clustering algorithm developed for the Input Mezzanine card of the ATLAS Fast TracKer system is presented. Fast TracKer is an approved ATLAS upgrade that has the goal to provide a complete list of tracks to the ATLAS High Level Trigger for each level-1 accepted event, at up to 100 kHz event rate with a very small latency, in the order of 100 μs. The Input...
Next generation of pixel detectors for the first layers of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) are expected to sustain the particle flow rates up to ∼2 GHz/cm2. The very high radiation levels and small available space makes it impossible to envisage optical conversion on chip, which should be done using electrical links, implying that a significant material...
Detection properties of the field-effect transistor with a low-Schottky-barrier gate in the microwave and terahertz ranges are studied. Various circuits of the detector are considered. Input impedance, responsivity, and noise equivalent power of the transistor are found. The effect of the Schottky-barrier height of the gate on these characteristics are analyzed.
An overview of main results concerning THz detection related to plasma nonlinearities in nanometer field effect transistors is presented. In particular nonlinearity and dynamic range of these detectors are discussed. As a conclusion, we will show one of the first real world application of the FET THz detectors: a demonstrator of the imager developed for fast postal security.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the influence of substrate thickness on the performance of Si field effect transistor terahertz detectors are presented‥ We show that in the case of planar metal antennas a significant portion of incoming radiation, instead of being coupled to the transistors, may be coupled to the substrate leading to important responsivity losses‥ The ways of avoiding...
This paper presents an overview of the ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) processor, reporting the design of the system, its expected performance, and the current integration status. The FTK is an upgrade of the trigger system of the ATLAS experiment. The system is designed to reduce the event rate from the proton-proton collisions occurring at 40 MHz to about 1 kHz for the expected LHC luminosity (2 × 1034...
The University of Arizona Imaging Technology Laboratory has processed several types of very large format (> 4K×4K pixel) charge coupled devices for low light level scientific applications. These back illuminated devices were produced from frontside die fabricated by or for Fairchild Imaging Systems, Semiconductor Technology Associates, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Kodak. A Philips 7K×9K frontside...
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