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A nonlinear mirror based on the nonlinear optical frequency conversion has been established as a universal tool for ultrafast control of laser dynamics [1]. However, traditional approaches are based on bulk crystals posing major difficulties on phase matching and alignment. Ultra-thin nonlinear mirrors based on all-dielectric metasurfaces would offer a major breakthrough to develop this concept [2-4]...
Short distance optical communication is required to reduce power consumption of ICT systems and continuously improve performance of datacentres and HPCs [1]. Reduced energy consumption and increased bandwidth density [2-3] are required to develop optical interconnects between chips and on chips. Therefore, lasers and detectors with ultra-low operating energy have to be connected by Si nanowire waveguides...
Active modulation of light with large optical bandwidths (∼100 nm [1]) is required in photonic devices, such as modulators for fiber communications [1] and saturable absorbers for ultrafast pulse generation [2,3]. Present modulators use expensive materials, (e.g. LiNbO3 [4], III-V semiconductors [5], and Ge on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) [6]), and are limited by narrowband operation (∼20 nm for quantum-confined...
The homodyne detector is a primitive element in many quantum optics experiments. It is primarily a characterization device, used for measuring the quantum state of the electromagnetic field[1]. Quantum integrated photonics[2], in which optical sources, circuits, and detectors are monolithically integrated on a semi-conductor chip, provides a compact, scalable, platform in which to implement quantum...
Plasmonics for the mid-infrared wavelength regime offers unique applications such as molecular vibrational absorption spectroscopy for bio-sensing [1]. The quest for novel materials and structures has been continuing in the last decade [2]. Meanwhile, the fabrication of plasmonic metamaterial structures with large area in a reproducible manner is a tremendous challenge. In this report we show that...
Bragg gratings based devices have been widely employed in communication and sensing systems [1-2]. Conventional waveguide Bragg grating is a two-port device, so reflected light will damage the stability of the laser via its input port. Therefore, it is meaningful to design a waveguide Bragg grating with the separation of the input and the reflection in integrated photonic circuits. In this work, we...
Light propagates inside an ideal and infinite photonic crystal when the Bloch condition is satisfied and any allowed light wave is decomposed in a basis of propagating Bloch waves [1]. In real photonic crystals, light propagation is modified due to unavoidable fabrication-induced structural imperfections in size, positions, and permittivity of the building blocks, as well as the finite size of the...
We report the first experimental results on multi-keV X-ray generation from relativistic laser-solid interaction using a mid-IR (3.9 μm) high power femtosecond laser source and nanostructured solid targets. Regimes of relativistic laser-plasma interaction with a long wavelength driver qualitatively differ from experiments with conventional near-IR or visible laser sources. The dynamics of the laser-particle...
III-V lasers grown on Si is the most promising solution to light sources on Si platform. The silicon-based telecommunications-wavelength III-V lasers with low threshold current density, high output power, and long lifetime will be presented.
Quantum key distribution (QKD), a technique based on quantum physics, provides unconditional secure quantum keys to be shared between two or more clients (Alice and Bob) [1]. Most QKD systems are implemented in a point-to-point link using bulky and expensive devices. Consequently a large scale deployment of this technology has not been achieved. A solution may be integrated photonic circuits, which...
Silicon waveguides are widely used as optical interconnects and they are particularly important for Si-photonics. Si-based devices, along with other optical elements, are entirely fabricated on the top surface of Si wafers. However, further integration of photonic and electronic devices in the same chip requires a new approach. One alternative is to utilize the bulk of the wafer for fabricating photonic...
The transmission of huge amount of data at Tbit/s rate in short distance optical interconnect has successfully employed quantum dot (QD) or quantum dash (QDash) multi-wavelength lasers (optical frequency combs) integrating one single section laser chip with the silicon photonics modulators [1]. The “comb” characteristics (i.e. self-phase locking of the lasing wavelengths separated by one cavity free...
Photonic devices operating in the mid-IR (3 μm to 13μm wavelength range) are of great interest for a wide range of applications, such as free-space communications, environmental monitoring or defence. Group IV-based material platforms [1], such as silicon-on-insulator (SOI)[2] and silicon-on-sapphire (SOS)[3] have attracted significant interest for mid-IR integrated photonics. However, absorption...
Silicon microrings have proven their value in numerous optical applications. Usually it's desirable for them to have a high Q factor, thus a very narrow linewidth. But this will frequently facilitate resonance splitting because sidewall roughness induces backscattering and this couples the clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) propagating modes in the ring waveguide [1]. As a consequence their...
Silicon on Insulator (SOI) is a well-established photonic platform that is of interest to photonic integrated circuits (PICs) due to its compatibility with existing fabrication processes used in the manufacture of electronic integrated circuits. Although SOI offers a high refractive index contrast that enables strong optical confinement of the propagating optical mode in the silicon layer, the performance...
There is a growing interest in generating mid-infrared (mid-IR) supercontinuum (SCG) using CMOS compatible platforms for applications such as, optical coherence tomography and molecular spectroscopy [1, 2]. SCG spanning from the telecom band to the SWIR (< 3 μm) has already been achieved using silicon-based platforms such as silicon-on-insulator, silicon nitride-on-insulator and silicon-germanium-on-insulator...
Silicon is one of the key-materials of nowadays technology. This is partly related to its special phase change dynamics characteristics. In particular, upon pulsed laser irradiation, silicon can re-solidify either in the crystalline (c-) or amorphous (a-) phase depending on the local supercooling achieved [1]. This feature has recently been used to produce non-ablative LIPSS (Laser Induced Periodic...
The efficient characterization and validation of the underlying model of a quantum physical system is a central challenge in the development of quantum devices and for our understanding of foundational quantum physics. However, the impossibility to efficiently predict the behaviour of complex quantum models on classical machines makes this challenge to be intractable to classical approaches. Quantum...
One of the main challenges in photonics is the integration of ultrafast coherent sources in silicon compatible platforms at the nanoscale [1]. Generally, the emission of ultra-short pulses is achieved by synchronizing the cavity modes of the system via external active components, such as, e.g., Q-switch or saturable absorbers. Consequently, the required optical setups are complex and difficult to...
Nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) consist of a superconducting wire of nanoscale cross-section [1], typically 4×100 nm2. A current close to the device critical current renders the nanowire sensitive to single photons. SSPDs are known for their high efficiency, low jitter, low dark count rate and fast reset time. An important challenge for future application of SSPDs is to extend...
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