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Effects of electro-less Ni layer as barrier/seed layers were evaluated for high reliable and low cost Cu TSVs. To electrically characterize the effectiveness of a Ni layer as barrier/seed layers for TSV application, we fabricated the trench MOS capacitor with 5µm dia. and 50µm depth TSV array. Via holes were successfully filled by Cu electro-plating by using Ni seed layer. To characterize the blocking...
Ultrathin film electroless deposition of Cu and Ni is shown for IC and TSV barrier layer / interconnect applications as an alternative to vacuum based deposition techniques. Cu films of approximately 20 nm were achieved while coherent electroless Ni can be deposited to single digit nm levels. The use of self-assembled monolayers facilitates electroless deposition in high aspect ratio structures. This...
In this paper we deal with cooperative fuzzy games with communication networks. We introduce the concept of fuzzy core for network-restricted fuzzy games and present a sufficient and necessary condition for the inheritance of existence of the fuzzy cores. We also study the effect of communication networks on the properties of superadditivitiy, monotonicity, and convexity.
In this paper, we study the finite time consensus problem for multi-agent systems with double-integrator dynamics under an undirected graph. Both the leaderless consensus problem and the coordinated tracking problem with a dynamic leader are considered without velocity measurements. Based on an observer for each agent, we present two distributed control protocols for the two cases which can solve...
From the viewpoints of mobile subscribers, the valuation of transmissions on different periods are different. Therefore, when we apply a pricing mechanism for congestion control, the number of transmission events on periods will be redistributed according to the type of application, the valuation, and the price in each period. Considering the traffic redistribution effect, in this paper we propose...
Miniaturized high-frequency ground-signal-ground (GSG) probes with micrometric dimensions are investigated for the microwave characterization of next generation nanoelectronic devices. A design guide including electromechanical and electromagnetic modeling of novel cantilever-based probes designed in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based MEMS technology is proposed. The mechanical stress distribution and...
In wireless sensor networks, a few sensor nodes end up being vulnerable to potentially rapid depletion of the battery reserves due to either their central location or just the traffic patterns generated by the application. In this paper, we use a new approach that balances the energy consumption at each of the nodes, thus increasing the functional lifetime of the network. We propose a new distributed...
The optical properties of Ni doped 3C-SiC, with different concentrations, were studied by using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA Modified Becke Johnson (GGA-mBJ) within Wien2k package. The obtained results within GGA-mBJ approximation are in good agreement with experimental data. The electrical conductivity...
In this paper we focus on solving the problem of maximal partitioning of graphs with supply and demand. The interest for this problem is due to the fact that it well represents the optimization of self-adequacy of interconnected microgrids. The chosen method is a heuristic based greedy algorithm which can be applied to very large problem instances in feasible time, which best relates to potential...
We consider a surveillance radar system equipped with an electronically scanned antenna and study a scanning policy divided in two phases, namely, a search phase, where the antenna beam rotates to illuminate the monitored area, and a revisit phase, where some ambiguous returns are revisited for further investigation. The revisit phase introduces additional degrees of freedom for system design, that...
In this paper, we present a new formal method to analyze cryptographic protocols statically for the property of secrecy. It consists in inspecting the level of security of every component in the protocol and making sure that it does not diminish during its life cycle. If yes, it concludes that the protocol keeps its secret inputs. We analyze in this paper an amended version of the Woo-Lam protocol...
The idea of composite cloud service has been emerging to reduce negative impact of cloud bursting. The novel idea of composite cloud services is achieved by forming a dynamic cloud collaboration platform among cloud providers. An important prerequisite of dynamic collaborative cloud formation is to reduce the cost of infrastructure and prevent loss to business enterprises owing to cloud bursting....
In this paper, patterned Cu and Si substrates are interconnected via solder alloys through Al/Ni self-propagating nano-film to obtain hermetical packaging for infrared detector. During the joining process, substrates which are coated with different solder layers (e.g. Sn and AuSn) are bonded under various atmospheres. By optimizing joining parameters, reliable metallurgical joints between Si/Cu and...
As a core link of battery energy storage system (BESS) for grid-connection, the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter has significant effects on the performance of the whole system. In order to address the mismatch voltage issue of DAB in BESS, an optimal control strategy is proposed. The paper discusses the operation principle of the circulating power, and analyzes the voltage, transmission power and...
In this paper, we consider a wireless sensor network where only a part of the sensors in the network generate measurement data and have interest in the aggregation output. However, in order to maintain connectivity of the sensors involved in the application, namely application-member sensors, other so called non-application-member sensors, have to participate in the communications to assist in the...
Modeling spreading processes for infections has been a widely researched area owing to its application in variety of domains especially epidemic spread and worm propagation. Until recently, infection propagation models usually inspired by epidemic spreading, solely relied upon the underlying network properties without taking into account the variation in node specific properties, such as its ability...
Polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) thin-film is widely used in optical MEMS/NEMS devices. However, the device performance depends on the crystallized structure in the poly-Si thin-film. We performed metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) to design the positions of grain boundaries in the poly-Si thin-film. Thin-film cantilever resonators were fabricated to discuss how grain boundaries affect the oscillation...
To reduce the uncertainty of the Avogadro constant for the new definition of the kilogram, the surface analysis of the Si sphere produced for the accurate determination of the Avogadro constant is indispensable. In this work, we conducted the surface quantitative analysis to find out the metallic contaminations of a Si sphere by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy...
For some classification tasks the data can be partitioned into disjoint subsets based on some attribute, for example a disease subtype. It then seems logical to train a classifier with the same classes as the original classification problem for each subtype separately, such that the performance per subtype is optimized. Unfortunately, the influence of the subtype performances on the aggregated overall...
In this paper, we present the fabrication and characterization of a silicon micromirror with carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-nickel (Ni) nanocomposite beams, and evaluate the mechanical stability of the micromirror in terms of resonant frequency. A novel electroplating method is developed for synthesis of the CNTs-Ni nanocomposite. CNTs are pretreated to have positive charges on their surface and added into...
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