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Data collection is very basic application of Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensor nodes are deployed in region to be observed. They sense quantity of interest. It may be temperature, pressure, humidity, solar radiation and so on. The sensed readings are transferred to a central node known as sink or base station. Often networks are heterogeneous in nature i.e. more than one types of sensors are deployed...
WSNs are composed of sensors that collect, process, and send data to a sink. To communicate, sensors use a shared medium. Thus, a robust MAC layer protocol has to be implemented for transmission management. This paper presents a QoS based WSNs MAC protocol that ensures service differentiation and less energy consumption. It is based on a duty-cycle approach that combines TDMA and CSMA/CA schemes....
Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm which is enormously gaining ground in today's world. In order to maintain desirable service quality in the transmission of sensed data, data aggregation schemes are highly used. The main goal of data aggregation scheme is to collect and aggregate data packets in an efficient manner so as to reduce power consumption, traffic congestion, and to increase network...
Coping with customer interests to employ Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the new applications requires dealing with the fact of nodes variety that implies the heterogeneous nature of the traffic. This necessitates employing differentiation techniques that lead in the end to implementing prioritization in some processes of the system. The medium access controlling process plays a main role in the...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor nodes. The nodes are represented by mobile ground robots and are deployed over an area to perform local sensing of the surroundings. Sensing and detection of critical events and vulnerabilities in such areas are highly desirable for a wide range of civil and military applications. Autonomy and energy efficiency are two key design...
In this paper, we propose a TDMA scheduling algorithm to provide on-time packet delivery in wireless multi-hop sensor networks. In multi-hop environments, scheduling of timeslot is optimized on end-to-end basis. However, the end-to-end transmission is unavailable if a scheduled link on the communication path is failed by wireless interferences and/or device functional errors. We exploit substitute...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are good field for research which can be applied almost in any area and in any circumstances. The traditional LEACH protocol is considered for the research and in this work the Improved LEACH is introduced as an energy efficient Cluster Head (CH) selection considering the energy and distance as parameters. The probability function is modified with the energy and distance...
The ZIGBEE standard is one of the basal elucidation protocol proposed for wireless sensor networks. The protocol describes a flexible MAC layer layout to meet a variety of applications. Since WSN is pertinence-specific it is very termitable to provide a generic explication for all type of applications and topologies. Network inaccessibility is a sensual affair derived from the subsistence of fault...
Contention-free Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have higher energy efficiency and lower packet latency than contention-based ones due to reduced idling and allow efficient utilization of energy supplies of sensors. This paper presents evaluation the performance of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) duty-cycled MAC for multihop WSNs. We propose a semi-Markov...
Time Synchronized Channel Hopping protocol (TSCH) belongs to the new low-power MAC protocols included in IEEE 802.15.4e with better properties as a multihop network in industrial applications. An open issue in the standard is how to build and maintain the communication schedule. In this paper we have implemented a minimal recommended configuration and tested it against one proposed centralized scheduling...
WSN (Wireless sensor network) comprises of large number of tiny, inexpensive, computationally capable and energy constrained nodes that find use in various surveillance and monitoring applications. Data sensed by these nodes is transfused to the base station using various routing procedures. The pivotal issue in wireless sensor networks is of lifetime and energy conservation as the sensor nodes' energy...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are designed by hundreds or thousands of tiny, low cost and multifunctional sensor nodes. Each sensor node has very low battery life. Sensor nodes have finite storage capabilities, transmission and processing range and energy resources are also limited. There are many design issues in WSNs such as mobility, energy consumption, network topology, data aggregation, localization,...
In sensor network deployed sensor nodes send data to the sink node. Set of different kind of sensor nodes called sensor network. This paper shows the behavior and performance of FMAC Protocol for different reporting rates. Results for packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, average throughput, average energy consumption, Average end-to-end delay and control overheads shows as graphical representation...
Using low duty-cycle is the most common technique to extend the system lifetime in WSNs. However, it also implies limited throughput and long delay and the penalty is even higher under variable traffic patterns. In this paper, we present iQueue-MAC, a hybrid CSMA/TDMA MAC that adapts to variable/bursty traffic. With light load, iQueue-MAC uses a contention-based CSMA mechanism that provides low delay...
In this paper we abandon the intuition that the minimum length/latency schedule of aggregation convergecast has to be constructed in an order mimicking the flow of data, i.e., from leaves to the sink. Instead we adopt a top-down construction process (from sink to the leaves), and thus forego the need to construct an aggregation tree a-priori of the (collision free) schedule construction. The resulting...
Although Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) over CSMA and TDMA MAC have been extensively studied, CSMA still suffers from heavy interference due to hidden terminals, while TDMA has a practical difficulty in accurate time synchronization. Slotted CSMA, in which we assume that CSMA runs within relatively large time-divided slots, could be one of the solutions since it works on loosely synchronized time slots...
Delay-Tolerant Sensor Networks (DTSN) experience long, unpredictable latency under fluctuating wireless networks with intermittent connectivity. Energy consumption and throughput improvement are essential in the design of MAC for DTSNs. However, when latency is relaxed in DTSN environments, traditional metrics such as throughput and energy consumption cannot express the transmission efficiency and...
Wireless sensor network in industrial environment (denoted IWSN) has data delivery time constraint. Due to the reactive routing and transmission collision, the data delivery time in IWSN with CSMA/CA scheme is unpredictable. In this paper, we utilize Time Division Multiple Access (denoted TDMA) MAC to avoid data collision and to bound transmission delay. Consider spatial reuse and data aggregation,...
We study the problem of finding an efficient schedule for convergecast in a wireless sensor network, using the SINR model of interference, and a TDMA protocol for medium access. We compare two approaches to computing a minimum length schedule for the TDMA frame. In the first approach, called the TC-approach, a multi-set of transmission configurations that are interference-free and that cover the convergecast...
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)) is known to be an affective method for energy saving in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, when any slot is exclusively reserved to one node, the TDMA-based protocols suffer from low-channel utilization and high data delivery delays. STDMA (Spatial reuse TDMA) avoids these drawbacks by allowing multiple nodes to access the same time slot provided that these...
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