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Particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based effective clustering in wireless sensor networks is proposed. In the existing optimized energy efficient routing protocol (OEERP), during cluster formation some of the nodes are left out without being a member of any of the cluster which results in residual node formation. Such residual or individual nodes forward the sensed data either directly to the base...
Wireless sensor network comprising tiny, low cost sensors can be either stationary or mobile, deployed over a widespread geographic region. Mobility of sensors offers research challenges, more specifically in the field of routing and energy consumption. This paper proposes a routing protocol, using Zigbee module ProFlex01 and CC2025 that exploits all cluster member sensor nodes to route through a...
Base station (BS) location privacy has been widely studied and researched in different applications like field monitoring, agriculture, industry and military etc. The purpose is to hide the location of BS from outside/inside attacker in any shape. Hundreds of thousands of sensor nodes are deployed in some area, bring lot of new challenges regarding routing, forwarding, scaling and security. Different...
Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are playing a vital role in several application areas ranging health to battle field. Wireless sensor networks are easy to deploy due to its unique characteristics of size and self-organizing networks. Wireless sensor nodes contain small unchangeable and not chargeable batteries. It is a resource constraint type network. Routing in WSN is most expensive task...
As a popular routing protocol in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), greedy routing has received great attention. The previous works characterize its data deliverability in WSNs by the probability of all nodes successfully sending their data to the base station. Their analysis, however, neither provides the information of the quantitative relation between successful data delivery ratio and transmission...
Wireless sensor networks are characterized by their sensitivity to complex routing protocols that waste energy. In fact, many ad hoc protocols were experimentally proven to be inconvenient for this type of networks. MR-LEACH is a protocol that governs the sensors data transfer to the base station in a multi-hop hierarchical manner. However, the hierarchical clustering does not achieve a high performance...
This paper presents five case scenarios of determining the total energy consumption for each node of the wireless sensor network and also the total energy consumption for the entire network. The number of transmissions made by each node of the wireless sensor network is the one who influences the total energy consumption. Due to the fact that the sensors have a limited energy it is very important...
The Internet of Things (IoT) networks are vulnerable to various kinds of attacks, being the sinkhole attack one of the most destructive since it prevents communication among network devices. In general, existing solutions are not effective to provide protection and security against attacks sinkhole on IoT, and they also introduce high consumption of resources de memory, storage and processing. Further,...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and communications capabilities. Due to the limited processing power, and finite power available to each sensor node, regular ad hoc routing techniques cannot be directly applied to sensor networks domain. Thus, energy-efficient routing algorithms suitable to the inherent characteristics of WSNs are required. The hierarchical...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gaining lot (lots) of attention by the researchers from worldwide due to application capacities expanded day by day. WSNs are formed by tiny wireless sensor nodes, which are a type of tiny computing devices with resource, constrained in nature. These computing devices are operated by batteries or some kind of ambient energy sources. The objective of this research...
A wireless sensor network is composed of multifunctional sensor nodes scattered in sensing fields. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in applications like Military, Environmental monitoring, Health (Scanning), Space Exploration, Smart homes, Mechanical stress levels of attached objects, disaster management etc. [30] The transmission of information is a tedious task in WSN due to miniaturization...
Sensors are the device capable of detecting, monitoring and computing the physical property. A sensor network consist of such autonomous sensors deployed in a particular geographical area. These sensors are battery powered, and thus the sensor network have the limited lifetime. The sensor network can be used is various fields such weather forecasting, monitoring geographical areas, medical science...
In this study, we present a novel family of mixed integer programming (MIP) models to analyze the effects of limiting hop count on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) lifetime. We performed analysis to uncover the trade-off between minimizing the number of hops and maximizing the network lifetime by exploring the parameter space through numerical evaluations of the optimization models. Our results reveal...
The lessons already learned from the existing protocols operation are taken into deep consideration during the standardization activities of the potential technologies opted for the future 5th Generation mobile networks. Prior research on wireless technologies in general has clearly shown the need for open programmable experimental facilities which can be used for the implementation and evaluation...
Secure communication inWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) requires the verification of the identities of network nodes. This is to prevent a malicious intruder from injecting false data into the network. We propose an entity authentication protocol for WSNs, and show how its execution can be integrated as part of routing protocols. The integration between routing and authentication leads to two benefits...
Wireless sensor networks are often placed in an open environment and are susceptible to various attacks. Traditional cryptography methods are not effectual in WSNs. Trust management has been proved to be an effective measure to enhance security as well as to handle threats for WSNs. In this paper, TBE-LEACH, an improvement in LEACH protocol has been proposed by introducing trust to provide secure...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) contains a large number of sensor nodes with restricted energy. The sensing and transmitting of data involves a huge amount of energy consumption. Therefore, Clustering is considered as one of the powerful approaches for efficient utilization of energy. The heterogeneous environment contains different types of sensor nodes in term of sensing, computation, communication...
Wireless Sensor Network is an infrastructure less network consisting of small, lightweight, low power, and inexpensive wireless sensor nodes which gather and propagate the environmental data. Different routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks for efficient routing. Each protocol has its own way of routing which vary from each other in terms of the parameters selected or the...
Wireless sensor networks are generally deployed in inhospitable terrain where the lightweight nodes are expected to detect an event and send relevant data to the Base Station (BS). However in such remote places it is generally not feasible to replace batteries quite often. Clustering is an approach to minimize energy consumption of such network. However the approach should be flexible enough to avoid...
This paper deals with information discovery and aggregation in large scale wireless sensor networks applied for mission-critical applications like military reconnaissance. To support query processing based on the gathered information, an efficient and reliable information discovery mechanism is proposed for sensor networks. We extend the basic Comb-Needle Discovery Support Model [3] by including Cluster-based...
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