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The crisp and fuzzy optimization approaches were introduced to design an optimal temperature control policy for a batch process of simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) to produce ethanol from lignocellulose using the enzymes and the recombinant strain Saccharomyces yeast 1400 (pLNH33). The goal of the optimal design herein is to find the optimal temperature, initial lignocellulosic...
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are characterized as complex distributed systems exhibiting substantial uncertainty due to interactions with the physical world. Today's electric grids are often described as CPS because a portfolio of distributed supplies must be dispatched in real-time to match uncontrolled, uncertain demand while adhering to constraints imposed by the intervening transmission and distribution...
Because of a concern that in developing transitional energy systems the endpoint system requirements should be kept in mind, this paper focuses on storage in a renewable energy system that uses no fossil fuels. Based largely on the current seasonal patterns of consumption and wind and solar energy generated, it is estimated that the energy storage capacity that would be required to supply the electrical...
Global energy requirement is increasing at every moment and to cope up with this dire need, the role of renewable energy is becoming more and more important in the developed as well as the developing countries to meet partially the need of global energy. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. About 85% of total population lives in villages. Resource of commercial fuel is very limited in the country...
To develop bioenergy characterized with environment friendliness and renew ability is inevitable to undergo, in order to solve the problem of fossil energy shortage, to respond to such disastrous consequence as greenhouse effect and acrid rain on the earth because of short-term large-scale exploitation and utilization of fossil energy, which is necessary for human survival, and to maintain continuous...
The biomass power generation, which uses the power of biomass for generation, is an important way of renewable energy power generation, including the plant biomass power generation, waste power generation, gas power generation and so on. This paper analyzes the importance of biomass power generation, describes the actuality of biomass power generation and the problems faced, and the outlets are given...
There is a big energy crisis in India in terms of electricity supply. Many cities in India are not getting sufficient power and regular 3–6 hours power cut daily in small cities and even more. The country is rich in renewable energy sources to mitigate its demand however due to lack of interest it did not reached its target. In India, the potential of renewable energy varies region to region due to...
California's administration, legislature, and energy regulators have adopted aggressive targets for renewable energy, which will result in profound changes in markets and system operations as the resource portfolio shifts from heavy reliance on natural gas as a fuel for electric generation to intermittent, often remote resources. As part of determining workable modeling approaches as changes in market...
This paper seeks to further proposals previously submitted for a balanced Distributed Generation strategy through modified MicroGrids as part of the various regional energy programs underway in Africa. Developing a sense of ownership at the local community level in a strategic collaboration with the university body and technical schools is the key for the success of projects. In addition to the technology...
China is still a developing country by world standard, but her industrial and economic growth is developing at an unprecedented rate. This has resulted in huge consumption of electrical energy, a large percentage of it being produced by fossil fuels. Over-reliance on fossil fuels has caused concerns on a global scale and China is under great pressure to cut down greenhouse gas production. Increased...
The aim of this paper is to provide a method of analysis for a technical and economic study on the installation of a cogeneration or trigeneration system in a commercial site. A case study is developed with particular reference to the economics a type of micro CHP is be considered for this application.
A smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital technology to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end users. In this paper, the smart grid is defined as the electric power system consistent with the BASE or BLUE scenarios in the Energy Technology Perspectives 2010 with the large scale renewable integration...
Malaysia has many renewable energy sources that can be developed such as solar, wind, biomass, hydro, geothermal and tidal wave. However, it is not yet widely developed. Since, energy is important, a national center for renewable energy resources database should be setup to bring together designers, engineers, architects and policy makers to use the actual data for implementing renewable energy projects...
The new energy load bearing heavy responsibility about country and the human sustainable development, it's the foundation of lives and production. And the bioenergy as a kind reproducible green energy and can be translated into fuel, it will play a pivotal unreplaceable function in the future energy domain, and more and more country pay attention to bioenergy. The article analyzed the importance of...
In recent years, we are facing more and more environment problems and energy crisis issues because of using fossil fuels. Exploring renewable energy is the hardest work in energy field. Microalgae are almost the best raw material for renewable energy. This review introduced the microalgae production and biofuels processes. Microalgae are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50%...
Globally bioenergy interest has been greatly stimulated by the recent petroleum price increase and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Among the different ways to develop bioenergy, bioelectricity obvious shows great potential in both carbon offset effects and economic efficiency in utilizing crop residues. Basically this paper estimates the production prospect of crop residue in bioelectricity generation...
The development and utilization of renewable energy is of great significance for constructing Chinese sustainable energy strategy. In this paper, the basic concept of renewable energy was introduced as well as the reserves and distribution of renewable energy in our country. The utilization status and development prospect of renewable energy at home and abroad were emphatically discussed as well as...
People begin to pay close attention to energy problems. We should make full use of renewable energy. And making it to replace the traditional energy becomes a key problem. This paper discussed the renewable energy of biomass application and some existing problems.
This paper investigates how to adjust the energy structure and improve the utilization efficiency to achieve energy sustainable development in Yunnan province. The characteristics of energy natural endowment and present situation of development and utilization was investigated, and the main problems in energy development were analyzed. Based on the advantages of resource and location, some new methods...
Solids oil palm biomass in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm press fibre (PPF), palm kernel shell (PKS), palm trunks and fronds has been identified as one of the main source of renewable energy with great potential in Malaysia. Recent development in the industry requires proper treatment of the palm biomass so that it generates clean energy. One of the treatment of palm biomass is size reduction...
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