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This paper reports on the development of packaging technology for the assembly of 30µm pitch micro Cu pillar bump (15µm diameter) on organic FCCSP substrate having bare Cu bondpad without NiAu or OSP surface protection. The assembly was performed by thermal compression bonding (TCB) with non-conductive paste (NCP). Finite element modeling and simulation were carried out to understand the Cu pillar...
3D Stacked Image sensor is the stacking of a Back-Side Illuminated (BSI) CMOS Image Sensor on a logic die. It enables compact size, higher performances and additional functionalities compared to standard BSI sensors. The highest footprint reduction is obtained with 3D hybrid bonding with metal interconnects between top and bottom tiers. Hybrid bonding process with oxide / copper direct bonding allows...
A multi-chip stacked package using through silicon-vias (TSVs) still has the reliability concerns due to tremendous number of TSVs and micro-bumps in the stacked chips. Cu-filled TSVs may bring about process-induced failures as copper protrusion or copper diffusion into silicon lattice. Micro-bumps have various failure modes such as non-wet, bump cracking, and head-in-pillow joints, which are obviously...
The emergence and evolution of any package technology is driven by market trends as experienced by the end application. With the maturation of the mobile market, the trends for Smartphone and other mobile devices are more than ever for lower cost. Meanwhile, a higher degree of functionality and performance, thinner profile, and longer battery life are some of the additional market drivers seen in...
Highly reliable vehicular communication is a key to the future automated driving. CSMA/CA packet relay-assisted schemes can improve reliability of ITS vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications by compensating shadowing loss and fading. However, their performance is affected by hidden terminal (HT) problem. An improved relay-assisted V2V scheme employing a sectorized relay station (RS) was proposed to...
Device-to-Device (D2D) communications enable cellular devices in physical proximity to communicate directly over the air instead of through the BSs, which can be applied in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to efficiently support the communications between vehicles. However, the resource control functions need to adapt to the unique characteristics of vehicular environments and meet the high...
With the advance of Car2X communication models, vehicles become a virtual part of intelligent traffic infrastructures, requiring remote interaction of safety-critical components. The availability of such an integrated system could provide high advantage for the mobility of persons and goods. In this scenario, one of the main concerns with intelligent cars and their network interconnectivity is the...
Tactile internet requires ultra-low latency and ultrahigh reliability, which bring new challenges to the design of mobile systems. In this paper, we study how much resources are required to ensure the short end-to-end (E2E) delay and high reliability by taking a vehicle communication system as an example, where the E2E delay includes both queueing delay and transmission delay, and the reliability...
Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an important component for advancing the intelligent transportation system (ITS) to improve the traffic safety and enrich driving experience. In VANET safety applications, reliable and rapid dissemination of event-driven emergency messages is of great significance to obtain the traffic safety and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a RBEM/CBEM handshake mechanism...
Participatory sensing (PS) is an emerging socio-technological paradigm in which citizens voluntarily participate and contribute to a distributed information system using applications installed in their hand-held devices. It can be found in a number of real-life applications, viz. traffic monitoring, air/sound pollution, garbage monitoring, social networking, commodity pricing, and so on. In these...
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) provide many smart features for enhancing physical processes. These systems are designed with a set of distributed hardware, software, and network components that are embedded in physical systems and environments or attached to humans. Together they function seamlessly to offer specific functionalities or features that help enhance human lives, operations or environments...
Resource management is a crucial task in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) due to the existence of various resources, such as text, audio and video. However, the highly dynamic network feature and the limited memory of the local server pose challenges to resource management, which not only lead to the failure of resource presentations to users, but the transmission of the invalid fragment data would...
Vehicle lane-level localization is a fundamental technology in autonomous driving. To achieve accurate and consistent performance, a common approach is to use the LIDAR technology. However, it is expensive and computational demanding, and thus not a practical solution in many situations. This paper proposes a stereovision system, which is of low cost, yet also able to achieve high accuracy and consistency...
The ATHENIS_3D FP7 EU project aims at providing new enabling technologies (analog, digital and power components) for high-voltage and high-temperature applications, tested for power systems of new hybrid/electrical vehicles. Innovation is exploited at process/device level (3D chip stacking, wafer level packaging, trench capacitors and TSV-inductors integrated in the interposer, high-reliable non-volatile...
The primary objective of this work is to design a parking guidance system to reliably detect entering/exiting vehicles to a parking garage in a cost-efficient manner. Existing solutions (inductive loops, RFID based systems, and video image processors) at shopping malls, universities, airports etc., are expensive due to high installation and maintenance costs. There is a need for a parking guidance...
A piezoresistive silicon based stress sensor has been demonstrated successfully as an effective tool to monitor the stresses inside electronic packages during various production processes. More recently, the sensor has been evaluated as a sensor for Prognostics and Health Monitoring (PHM) systems. This paper presents a systematic approach that evaluates its performance from the perspective of failure...
The Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) provide communication services for time-critical road safety applications, general purpose ITS services for traffic efficiency, and non-safety value-added infotainment applications. The challenges of multichannel VANET Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol include successful delivery of time-critical safety messages within 100 ms with high reliability, and high...
In this article we discuss the use of LBL acoustic networks for operations with multiple AUVs. Differently from standard LBL configurations, we propose to use the One-Way-Travel-Time of acoustic signals to compute the ranges between all the devices. Moreover, we derive the suitable algorithms for both the navigation of multiple vehicles, but also their external tracking. Experimental results are provided...
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a subgroup of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). It is an emerging new technology to exchange information between vehicles to vehicles. VANETs are considered as one of the most noticeable technologies for improving the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. VANET mainly used to exchange traffic information between the vehicles and prevent accident. In VANETs...
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