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To mitigate the impact of unpredictable disruptions, airlines are seeking to proactively design schedules that incorporate some robustness features. In this paper, we propose a novel simulation-optimization approach using a particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving the robust aircraft routing and flight retiming problem. The approach requires inserting buffer times between departure times...
An optimal energy scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is developed in this paper. Four elements are considered as the most important keys that influence network performance; these four elements are transmission power, interference, link lifetime, and load balance. A load balance approach is involved to distribute the traffic over available routes to address well-known problem in energy efficient...
Power distribution network is the bridge between power transmission and power consumers, which is an important part of directly feeling the service quality of the power supply by consumers. Intelligent power distribution network of smart grid is an important means to improve power supply reliability and quality of power supply, and real-time monitoring of the distribution network is an important foundation...
In this paper, a method is suggested for the anomaly detection in wireless networks. The main problem that is addressed is to detect the malfunctioning sub-graphs in the network which bring about anomalies with block sparse structure. The proposed algorithm is detecting the anomalies considering the low-rank property of the data matrix and the block-sparsity of the outlier. Hence, the problem boils...
After wormhole attacks the routing mechanism of wireless sensor network (WSN) is damaged, then the hop count and distance between nodes cannot be well matched, so that the WSN becomes the anisotropic sensor network, resulting in security treats for WSN. Considering that wormhole attacks can cause the changing of node connectivity, through the theoretical analysis and derivation, the paper has proposed...
In dynamic networks, if the nodes are not scattered uniformly in area, to guarantee the coverage is difficult. However, we cannot use uniformly deployment strategy all the time. Uniformly scattering the nodes increases unbalanced traffic pattern in dynamic networks. Clustering seems a good solution for most problems of dynamic networks. However, there is another serious problem. Cluster heads (CHs)...
Wireless sensor networks are extremely limited in terms of resources. Resource limitation includes limited energy rate, short range communication, low bandwidth, limited memory capacity and processing in every single sensor. Therefore, it is essential to use routing algorithms which lead to energy consumption reduction and suitable bandwidth efficiency. The proposed algorithm layered the sensor network...
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are widely used nowadays. Because of its characteristics like open medium, dynamic topology, being infrastructure less and lack of centralized monitoring, MANET is vulnerable to a wide range of attacks like blackhole and grayhole. Blackhole and grayhole attacks refer to the attacks that breach the security by performing packet forwarding and routing misbehavior and...
Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs) are sparse wireless networks where most of the time an end-to-end path does not exist from source to destination. These networks are characterized by opportunistic connectivity, long and variable delay, asymmetric data rate and high error rate. Hence, they can be appropriately modeled as Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs). In this paper, the performance...
This paper proposes a Hybrid Routing(HR) using ZigBee Tree Routing(ZTR) and Shortcut Tree Routing(STR). ZTR transmits a data through the parent node and the child node, and STR transmits a data to neighbor node which has the smallest number of hops toward the destination node in the neighbor table. On the other hand, HR method uses either ZTR or STR method according to situation of collision of CAP...
Among various protection and restoration schemes it is hard to decide which is the best to be used in a certain situation. First, we propose a method to find the best possible shared protection scheme among all possible shared protection schemes. We provide optimisation and simulation results. Second, we prove the optimality of the proposed method in terms of minimal resource usage for any single...
In delay tolerant networks, the design of routing strategy is very challenging due to the characteristics of dynamic topology, long delay and intermittent connectivity. Most of existing routing strategies neglect the number limitation of intermediate nodes during forwarding messages. Owing to the small-world feature in delay tolerant networks, messages can reach destination nodes at most by five or...
Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are one of the most interesting evolutions of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). DTNs can be characterized by intermittent connectivity, frequent end-to-end path disruption, and topology changes. In these networks, the sending of multiple copies of a message can increase the delivery ratio and decrease the delay of the message transmission. However, sending multiple copies...
In intermittently connected ad hoc networks, a reliable path between communication endpoints may not exist because mobile nodes randomly move during their operation. Furthermore, routing protocols have to work efficiently under constraints of limited bandwidth and energy. These challenge researchers to develop a suitable protocol for the networks. In this paper, we present a new routing protocol,...
In a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN), where nodes are constantly moving and the connection of nodes are intermittent, messages are delivered by replicating to neighbor nodes in hopes of delivering to the destination in a timely manner. This causes a DTN network to have many duplicates even long after the message has reached its destination. In this paper, we develop a new routing protocol that helps...
In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative, dynamic and extensive game model for routing in a wireless sensor network (WSN). We treat each sensor node as a player who has a strategy to choose from in order to find the route that meets certain objective functions. A multi-hop routing is performed concurrently between multiple source and multiple destination nodes considering signal-to-noise-interference...
Wireless links in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is unreliable. So the links in between the nodes in a MANET breaks frequently. Mobility of nodes in a MANET increases the level of unreliability of the link between the nodes. Failure of a link also leads to complete route failure and affect the performance of MANET. So, there is a need to study the effect of mobility of nodes that causes a link break...
With the introduction of the smart grid, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has become a main component in the present power system. The effective implementation of AMI depends widely on its communication infrastructure and protocols providing trustworthy two-way communications. In this paper we study two routing protocols philosophies for low power and lossy networks (LLNs) and their application...
Distributed clouds have been regarded as the key enabling technology to provide new trends of services. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we discuss current distributed clouds architecture and highlight the issues involved, specifically scalability. Second, we investigate the benefits of the use of the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) as a networking solution for the distributed...
In the MANET with high mobility, many routing responses of the contiguous nodes in the DSR routing protocol can not arrive to the resource nodes. So the routing requests which broadcast to these nodes produce much unnecessary use. We can acquire relatively steady routing responses if we chose the contiguous nodes to start the routing require which with less mobility compare with resource nodes. This...
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