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Postęp techniczny jest głównym czynnikiem wpływającym na racjonalizację i intensyfikację procesów produkcyjnych, a także unowocześnienie produkowanych wyrobów. Dzięki temu można go uznać za zasadnicze narzędzie rozwoju konkurencyjności firm. W artykule przedstawiono pojęcia postępu technicznego i technologicznego oraz opisano jego wdrożenie w branży słodowniczej na przykładzie małej lokalnej słodowni...
The article describes courses organized for foresters in Poland in 1918−1939. It demonstrates the importance of such trainings as a supplementary education of forest rangers, timber sorters and resin extractors.
In the 1800s forest management in Polish forests was still in its infancy. This article reminds presents tree stands were described in those days. The then concepts of: the forest, tree stand, bare land and large tree group were explained. In addition, the notion as well as the method of determination of the stand species composition and its age, perpendicular structure, closure, mixture proportion,...
Paper describes functioning of the Imperial & Royal Foresters School in Bolechów established in 1883 and closed in 1913 as the only school of that type in Galicia (south−eastern part of nowadays Poland and western Ukraine). The school was very popular as it was governmental entity and thus provided scholarships for the poorest pupils and graduation guaranteed the job in the forest authorities...
In 2012 the Nikita Botanical Gardens celebrated their 200th Anniversary. Today it is one of the oldest and best botanical gardens in the Ukraine. The southern Crimean coast is most attractive in both its landscape and natural beauty. Tracing the history of the Nikita Botanical Gardens it is evident that nature and culture are intertwined, which influenced the decision to establish the botanical garden...
The article covers French aspects of the Cinchona Tree. Mention is made of Louis XIV’s role in introducing medicines with the bark of the Cinchona Tree. The article discusses the description of the Cinchona Tree by the French scientific expedition by Charles-Marie de La Condamine (1701–1744) and Joseph de Jussieu (1704–1779). It mentions the discovery and isolation of quinine by Pierre-Joseph Pelletier...
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