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In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) [1], packet loss rate is high because of frequent changes in the network topology and the lossy nature of radio links. In this context, it is very delicate, for reactive routing protocols, to support multimedia communication. Route request process, as well as route breakage notification, is frequently repeated. This contributes to congestion and degradation of communication...
In this paper we consider reliability models for ad-hoc network which will establish multipath before routing. It is important to obtain the probability of successful communication, for it will affect the user' satisfaction. We first build a static model and there is not any recovery mechanism. Then we analyze four kinds of recovery methods. Lastly, we give some simulation, and found that recovery...
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are systems that exhibit tight coordination of computational and physical elements. A CPS node which is a mobile node having sensors should cooperate with each other in order to monitor and control the physical world adaptively. In the CPS environment, Guaranteeing reliability, real-time service, and scalability are significant issues. To meet these requirements, Opportunistic...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) requires robust but simple, scalable, energy efficient and also self-configurable routing algorithms due to limited power of sensor nodes that are distributed in a large geographical area. Recent research shows that cluster-based routing has many advantages in increasing network performance. ARPEES, OEDSR, HPEQ are such efficient cluster-based routing protocols, however...
Little effort has been made to compare routing protocols according to their resiliency in wireless multi-hop sensor networks in the presence of packet dropping malicious insiders. In this paper, we propose a new taxonomy of routing protocols obtained by applying our resiliency metric. Several resiliency enhancing methods such as introducing a random behavior to the classical routing protocols and...
We propose and present a framework for enabling policy-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) by applying policy rules associated with the security and reliability (of connection) to peer-to-peer security associations (SA) that are established on (multi-link) routes. In this proposal, we leverage and integrate the concept of dispersity routing with the management and maintenance of an existing...
Spiral Millipede-inspired Routing Algorithm (SMiRA) is presented as a bio-inspired approach for routing in MANETs. It has been designed as a resource light technique that reduces routing overhead and improves the level of tolerance to routing faults, amongst other things. It has been compared to the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV). The results show an improvement in the monitored metrics,...
In the past decade, multipath routing has been proposed to provide reliability for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). As wireless mesh networks become more and more popular, performance evaluation of different routing algorithms is required in static scenarios. Performance comparison between unipath routing and multipath routing is conducted in this paper. From the simulation results we find that multiple...
WBSNs (wireless body sensor network) like any other sensor networks suffers limited energy and are the highly distributed network, in which its nodes are the organizer itself and each of them has the flexibility of collecting and transmitting patient biomedical information to a sink. When knowledge sent to sink from a path that doesn't have a definite basis, the routing is a crucial challenge in Wireless...
Tactical mobile ad hoc networks have a hierarchical organization with soldiers reporting to their group leader and from them to the command center. In such a network, it is important to prioritize the traffic associated with the leaders without starving other essential communication in the network. To support such a feature, we propose a hybrid routing protocol, named as “Rank-aware Tree-based Geographical...
We propose a connectivity-based routing protocol (named CRP) for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). CRP considers the reliability issue due to high error rate in UWSNs. Hence, during forwarding, a node with the highest connectivity to the sink is selected as a next forwarding node. Using the NS-2 simulator, CRP is compared against a localization-free routing protocol in UWSNs (i.e. H2-DAB)...
This paper analyzed some advantages and disadvantages of wireless sensor network protocols, and concluded the features of it. According to the features, the program members summarized its influence on the routing protocols, designed the models based on it and improved algorithms. They simulated the findings with OMNeT++, showing the rotation of cluster head can efficiently increase the lifetime of...
In order to alleviate the node mobility problem which cause frequent link ruptures between source and destination nodes and data packets loss during transmission in Mobile Ad hoc Networks, we propose a new routing protocol called AD-AODV based on the famous AODV protocol. By introducing a novel metric M whose value depends on the hop number and average mobility of a given route, we improve the routing...
The Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) is a distributed routing protocol that is based on a family of link reversal algorithms. TORA is able to provide multiple loop-free routes to any destination using the route creation, maintenance and erasure functions. TORA performs well in networks with a small number of traffic connections but poorly in networks with a large number of traffic connections...
This paper proposes a real-time routing protocol considering balancing the load traffic in Ad hoc wireless network. Recently, the authors have proposed a multipath-based reliable routing protocol on MANETs called MRFR, which is an appealing protocol for real-time reliable data transmission in ad hoc networks. However, MRFR did not concern the problem of balancing load, which results in increasing...
Any casting is important in wireless sensor and ad hoc networks as well as in other information networks. This paper presents a highly reliable any cast protocol for sensor and ad hoc networks, employing a metric that reflects the connectivity of a route. To evaluate the connectivity, each receiver node distributes measurement packets by flooding. The connectivity between receiver nodes and adjacent...
With the development of WSN applications, there is increasing concern for the research of WSN. The routing algorithm is one of the important supporting technologies of WSN. However, the current studies of routing algorithms focus on the single performance. For instance, the aim of Energy Multipath Routing Algorithm is to maximize the network life cycle. And the aim of the Minimal-hop routing algorithm...
Some emerging applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are time-critical, and in such scenarios data must be reliably delivered within a delay bound. A common approach to provide this strict delivery performance is to devise a medium access control (MAC) protocol, leading to the current plethora of MAC protocols in WSNs. In contrast to this traditional approach, we propose an alternative solution...
The failure of sensor nodes caused by energy exhaustion or physical destruction may lead to the void areas, so called holes. The hole problem becomes another difficult issue faced by data dissemination protocol based on geographic routing. Most of the existing schemes for the issue tend to construct a static detour path to bypass a hole. The static detour path may lead to uneven energy consumption...
Single channel wireless sensor networks may be unreliable when the channel of choice is either unstable or interfered. Previous work has shown that multi-channel solutions could effectively improve network reliability and deliver higher throughput as well. While a number of multi-channel medium access control schemes have been proposed, there are not much work on routing protocol design addressing...
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