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Current intra-domain routing protocols computes only shortest paths for any pair of nodes which cannot provide good fast reroute when network failures occur. Multipath routing can be fundamentally more efficient than the currently used single path routing protocols. It can significantly reduce congestion in network by shifting traffic to unused network resources. This improves network utilization...
Geographical Routing Technique is a new trend in Wireless Sensor Networks in which the sensor nodes are enabled using Global Positioning Systems(GPS). This helps to easily detect the position of their neighboring nodes. The power consumption is more in the existing routing algorithms, since the nodes build the routing tables and the neighboring node IDs are determined by searching the routing table...
Addressing the reliability and security of communications are of the most important challenges in wireless networks. Opportunistic Routing (OR) protocols assist in improving the reliability of routing whereas trust and reputation management protocols aim to improve the security. In this paper, a new comprehensive reputation system is proposed which benefits not only from the reliability of OR protocols...
In this paper, a reliable and energy-efficient routing (RER) protocol is proposed for underwater acoustic sensor networks to enhance the communication reliability. In the route discovery phase of the proposed method, a node with the minimum packet transmission delay to the current node is selected as its next hop node. After a route is set up, other nodes in the network will also send packets to the...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is getting famous by its implementation and research exponentially in current time. Sensors can be configured on the basis of condition & when condition matches to the sensor then sensor collects some information. This information is transferred to the base station (BS). The data routing is performed by routing protocols. There are various types of routing protocols...
The contribution of this article is two local recovery methods that may reduce overhead and make a more immediate reconnection of disconnected nodes compared to the soft state global recovery method applied in WSNs running RPL [1]. In addition, we perform an analysis of the implication to better judge the context where local recovery methods should be used. One of our suggested methods is based on...
The operations of smart metering heavily rely on the communication network for efficient data gathering, thus eliminating manual meter reading. Smart electronic devices are deployed in open, unattended and possibly hostile environment such as consumer's home and office areas, making them particularly vulnerable to physical attacks. Resilience is needed to mitigate such inherent vulnerabilities and...
MANET is the self-organized and distributed system with no central administration and requires no infrastructure. Due to this, the MANET is used in emergency services and during natural calamities. Nodes have to co-operate with each other for routing packets. Security is the major challenge for these networks. The compromised node can adversely affect the quality and reliability of data. To improve...
In the recent past, we witnessed to a dramatic growth of networks with a huge number of interconnected wireless nodes exchanging large amounts of information. This has brought to the need of ad-hoc, energy-aware protocols suitable for low-power and lossy networks. Among these, Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is surely one of the most interesting ones. It chooses the optimal...
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a special kind of Mobile Ad hoc Network. VANETs are becoming a technology for connecting vehicle to computer networks. VANETs consist of dynamic nodes in the form of fast moving vehicles whose movements are restricted to road layouts and static nodes in the form of Road Side Units (RSU). Frequent communication disconnections between vehicles are happening due to...
We evaluate a routing metric, called TXPFI, which captures the expected number of frame transmissions needed for successful delivery of data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) featuring non-fully cooperative nodes and unreliable links. The study, which addresses the exploitation of the TXPFI in routing protocols of distance-vector type, assesses the impact of different network settings on the performance...
Wireless sensor networks have a wide range of applications including target detection and tracking, environment monitoring, industrial process monitoring, hospital monitoring, and public utility service. A sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes and a few sink nodes to collect data from sensor nodes. Sensor nodes and sink nodes form a large scale wireless mesh network in which packets...
Neighbor area network (NAN) is one of the most important segments of smart grid communications network (SGCN) since it is responsible for the information exchanges between the utility and a large number of smart meters (SMs) in order to enable various important smart grid (SG) applications. Greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) and the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) have...
Dynamic routing is considered an attractive solution for many network applications such as monitoring and tracking. In dynamic routing the path between the source and the destination can change dynamically following the network conditions. Next node selection criteria can have a great impact on the selection of each path and as a consequence on the network performance. Moreover, each network application...
Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are a promising communication technology for tactical environments and emergency response operations. However, the features of MANETs, including dynamic topology and open wireless medium, lead to many security vulnerabilities. Malicious nodes can drop or modify packets that are received from other nodes and diminish the reliability of networks. Therefore, secure routing...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) often need to operate under strict requirements on energy consumption and be capable of self-adapting to the presence of non-trusted nodes which do not fully cooperate in the packet forwarding operation. In such an environment, the mechanism employed for the calculation of routing paths of minimum cost in terms of the number of transmissions executed for the reliable...
The devices composing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are very limited in terms of memory, processing power and battery. We need efficient routing algorithms to ensure a long lifetime of the WSN. However, many solutions focus on minimizing the average energy consumption of all the nodes. Since the lifetime is rather given by the death of the first node or by the disconnection of the network, these...
Reliable, secure, private and fast communication in vehicular networks (VNets) is extremely challenging due to the highly mobile nature of these networks. Contact time between vehicles is very limited and topology is constantly changing. Trusted communication in VNets is of crucial importance because without trust, all efforts for minimizing the delay or maximizing the reliability could be voided...
Conventional cryptography methods alone are not adequate for secure routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). These networks are more vulnerable to security attacks due to their diverse applications, lack of supervision and limitations in view of resource, processing and storage. To mitigate these problems, trust is widely used as a tool to provide better security by aiding routing protocols. In...
MANET is a collection of wireless nodes with high mobility ratio. Construction of path is mandatory by the source node to its destination in-order to communicate. As the nodes move very fast, the path which had been constructed cannot persist. A path may or may not exist even immediate to its construction. Though many mobility models and routing protocols are in existence, finding such path is still...
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