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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of sensors that has a very large scale of nodes with a tight resources limitation. WSN is application specific, with a wide range of applications in military, survey, industrial, up to home usage. The major problems for WSN are resource limitations and dynamic network, which require unique algorithms for unique applications. Our study focused on the implementation...
We define hazard environment as any random shape irregular area which may have pockets and holes. We define 'pockets' of a simple polygon as the areas outside the polygon but inside its convex hull and the 'holes' are the areas inside the polygon but outside the area of interest (AOI). AOI is defined as the effective area i.e. target area where the nodes can be deployed. Here we present an efficient...
Energy awareness is an essential design issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The routing techniques of WSN are classified into three main categories data-centric, hierarchical and location-based. Data-centric technologies perform in-network aggregation of data to yield energy-efficient dissemination; sensor protocols for information via negotiation (SPIN) and directed diffusion (DD) are basic...
Deployment of sensors and routing inside an irregular region is one of the most fundamental challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks. The performance of an effective and efficient sensor network is highly related to the proper configuration and design of the network and effective communication between the sensors deployed. In real scenario, the area that needs to cover, may suffer from natural geographical...
This work introduces two new cryptographic protocols of different complexity and strength in limiting network degradation caused by sinkhole attacks on tree-based routing topologies in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The main goal of both protocols is to provide continuous operation by improving resilience against, rather than detection of, these attacks. The main benefit of providing resilience...
In data-centric wireless sensor networks, the malicious nodes may selectively drop some crucial data packets, which seriously destroy the network's data collection and decrease the availability of sensor services. In this paper, we present a lightweight defense scheme against selective forwarding attacks. According to characteristics of easy positioning the nodes around transmission paths in a structured...
Reducing energy consumption has been a recent focus of wireless sensor network research. Topology control explores the potential that a dense network has for energy savings. We propose that the sensor field be overlaid with a honeycomb virtual mesh based on a tessellation. Then with the help of greedy forwarding algorithm and perimeter forwarding algorithm, we can bypass a void or obstacles easily...
Topology plays a vital role to increase the lifetime and scalability of wireless sensor network (WSN). Topology of the WSN can be controlled by the dynamic clustering technique. In this paper, we have proposed a dynamic clustering approach that determines the optimum number of hierarchical level based on the traffic pattern to improve the network lifetime. During the period of data transmission, the...
The wormhole attack is an insidious attack on wireless sensor and ad-hoc networks which allows an attacker with only two malicious devices an unprecedented degree of control over network connectivity. It may be implemented without physical compromise of any existing node, and poses problems in terms of reliable detection, as the resulting network properties may be difficult to distinguish from genuine...
In order to achieve energy conservation in WSNs, most topology management protocols use a subset of sensor nodes for global routing. Using fewer nodes results in a reduced connectivity of the network, which eventually increases the number of routing holes. Holes in networks often cause failures in message routing due to the local minimum problem. Therefore, traditional geographic routing protocols...
The effective coverage range is one of the QoS criterions in wireless sensor network. In practical engineering, the key problem to be solved is how to achieve the effective coverage to enhance performance and lifetime of the whole network. In view of the poor performance of effective coverage in existing ZigBee networks, the paper analysed the factors of impacting on the coverage capability, including...
Flooding is often used by routing protocol to establish a routing tree. However, the effect of backoff mechanism on routing tree topology is ignored by most of researchers on designing their routing protocols. In addition, the collision is much more fiercely in a flooding procedure. In this paper, the influence of backoff mechanism on establishing routing tree topology and the message collision in...
It is a significant challenge to design a secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN), because a WSN has dynamic topology, limited energy, confined computing ability and small memory size. This study explores the algorithm of ensuring safety in routing layer for a WSN. In this paper, a multipath secure routing protocol for flat network--MDMP is proposed. Symmetric encryption and asymmetric...
In this paper we present WILLEM, a system for dynamic evacuation routing in buildings, using a wireless sensor network. Dynamic evacuation routing is the process of dynamically determining the fastest routes to the exits. The routes may be changed in case a fire occurs somewhere.We also present an algorithm for detecting congestions in corridors during evacuation, and a means of providing the people...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are known to be highly energy-constrained and each networkpsilas lifetime has a strong dependence on the nodespsila battery capacity. As such, the network lifetime has been a critical concern in WSN research. While numerous energy-efficient protocols have been proposed to prolong the network lifetime, various definitions of network lifetime have also been used for the...
Implanted biomedical sensor networks provide a major application of sensor networks in the near future. They collect desired biometric data and communicate the data wirelessly to a base-station through a multi-hop network. Their high temperature due to wireless communication and circuitry power consumption, for a prolonged period might damage the surrounding tissues. This paper presents an efficient...
We propose a generic routing table design principle for scalable routing on networks with bounded geometric growth. Given an inaccurate distance oracle that estimates the graph distance of any two nodes with constant factor upper and lower bounds, we augment it by storing the routing paths of pairs of nodes, selected in a spatial distribution, and show that the routing table enables 1 + epsiv stretch...
Aquatic environment monitoring plays an important role in the artificial breeding of marine shellfish. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an efficient approach for monitoring large-scale coastal beach with densely distributed smart nodes. Combined with a project of aquatic environment monitoring and assessment of marine shellfish in Zhejiang province, China, a new structure of WSN combining network...
Recently, we use many sensors for getting lots of information frequently. So many researchers are studied sensor network. Especially, ZigBee is a very import wireless network technology for organized sensor networks, because connecting many sensor nodes by wired network is impossible. Then we proposed improved AODV routing protocol for wireless network and analyzed simulation results of sensor network...
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