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Encapsulation of foreign materials within a hollow graphitic cage was carried out for rare-earth and iron-group metals by using an electric arc discharge. The rare-earth metals with low vapor pressures, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu, were encapsulated in the form of carbides, whereas volatile Sm, Eu, and Yb metals were not. For iron-group metals, particles in metallic phases...
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