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The SMOS mission is a joint program led by ESA with participation of CNES in France and CDTI in Spain. SMOS satellite carries a single payload on board, MIRAS, a Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis. The satellite has been in-orbit for over 7 years, providing for the first time and for this entire time, the longest record of space-sensed soil moisture and ocean salinity measurement...
Accurate global observations from space are a critical part of the needed knowledge base for global climate change study. However, atmospheric temperature trends derived from space-borne microwave instruments remains a subject of debate, mainly due to uncertainty arise from calibration error and long-term drift and degradation of instrument. In this study, a new method was developed for assessing...
One of the objectives of CLARREO Pathfinder mission is to demonstrate on-orbit data matching for sensor inter-calibration The CLARREO Pathfinder approach for reference inter-calibration is based on measuring spectral reflectance with high accuracy and establishing an on-orbit reference for operating Earth viewing sensors: CERES and VIIRS on JPSS. The mission goal is to be able to provide CLARREO reference...
The Software PARIS Interferometric Receiver (SPIR) was conceived as a multiple beam-forming GNSS-Reflectometry receiver capable of implementing different signal processing strategies (clean-replica, interferometric, etc.) in order to demonstrate the synoptic capabilities for sea-surface altimetry using the interferometric GNSS-R technique. The instrument has been designed as a 16-channel very-high...
A useful means of calibrating remote sensing retrieval algorithms is by means of a time series of ground truth measurements at specific locations. For snow depth (SD) or snow water equivalent (SWE), ground truth regarding snow density and snow grain size stratigraphy is provided manually via snow pits. While the data is of high quality, this method is time consuming and labor intensive and thus precludes...
The advanced microwave radiometer (AMR) is a critical payload on the recently launched Jason-3 mission, designed to provide the electrical range delay of the radar altimeter signal due to tropospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water [1]. The errors in the wet tropospheric path delay measurements have a direct impact on the record of global mean sea level (GMSL) and could lead to uncertainty in...
The Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) spacecraft as a primary sensor was launched October 28, 2011. There are 22 VIIRS bands: 7 thermal emissive bands (TEBs), 14 reflective solar bands (RSBs) and a Day Night Band (DNB). An on-orbit On-Board Calibrator BlackBody (OBCBB) is used as the TEB calibration source that tracks the...
The Operational Land Imager (OLI), the VIS/NIR/SWIR sensor on the Landsat-8 has been successfully acquiring Earth Imagery for more than four years. The OLI incorporates two on-board radiometric calibration systems, one diffuser based and one lamp based, each with multiple sources. For each system one source is treated as primary and used frequently and the other source(s) are used less frequently...
A calibration scheme for future SAR systems utilizing digital beamforming, is suggested. These systems pose new challenges for the calibration, as the increased complexity of multi-channel SAR does not allow for the extrapolation of current calibration techniques. Further, depending on the operation mode, real-time error measurement and correction is unavoidable, which requires a reconsideration to...
The demonstration of the feasibility of navigation signals signals for remote sensing has lead to a significant increase of new GNSS-R instruments in the recent years. Despite of the type instrument, the observables are based on the cross-correlations of the received GNSS signals. Most of these instruments combine the signals received by multiple chains, in such a way that they need a proper calibration...
Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a future spaceborne hyperspectral Earth imaging system being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). HISUI will be launched and deployed on International Space Station (ISS) for three year operation from 2019. In FY2016, manufacturing and testing of HISUI Flight Model and design of HISUI Exposed Payload System were conducted. HISUI...
PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) is an Italian Earth Observation hyperspectral mission, fully funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI — Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) and scheduled for launch in 2018. The PRISMA system will be composed of a Space Segment, consisting in a single satellite, embarking a state-of-the-art hyperspectral and panchromatic payload, a Launch Segment...
This paper presents upgrades for the Passive Active L-band Sensor (PALS) microwave instrument. PALS is the primary calibration and validation airborne instrument for the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. PALS has been successfully deployed in the field for more than a decade, increasing in size, weight and complexity. Currently, a state-of-the-art upgrade is being carried out to ensure...
Companion SAR missions offer a cost-effective solution to enhance the added value of existing SAR satellites. In particular, they offer new possibilities to extend the observation space and provide one or several single-pass interferometric channels for the acquisitions. The paper aims to provide a description of an end-to-end performance simulation for companion SAR missions, including the evaluation...
The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission uses a constellation of 8 satellites to measure ocean winds in the tropics with high temporal resolution (∼3 hr median, 7 hr mean revisit). Focusing on the measurement of winds in tropical cyclones, each satellite contains a Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) receiver capable of measuring reflections from 4 Global...
Reflective solar band (RSB) calibration of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Sensor Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite was automated in November 2015. The algorithm and science code for automating RSB calibration, known as RSBAutoCal, were developed by The Aerospace Corporation as part of its support to the VIIRS calibration/validation (cal/val)...
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day-Night Band (DNB) onboard the Suomi-National Polar Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite measures broadband visible radiances providing imagery of clouds and other Earth features over illumination levels spanning 7 orders of magnitude, ranging from quarter moon to full sunlight (3e-5 to 200 W/m2/sr). Due to its original purpose to provide imagery...
A complement of Readiness, Implementation and Management Plans (RIMPs) to facilitate management of post-launch product test activities for the official Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) Level 1b (L1b) products have been developed and documented. Separate plans have been created for each of the GOES-R sensors including: the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), the Extreme ultraviolet...
This paper addresses the intercalibration of the infrared channels 7∼16 of Advanced Himawari-8 Imager (AHI8) against the hyperspectral channels of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on Metop-B using the hyperspectral convolution method. Matching measurements in July of 2016 were collected over a tropical area (100° E∼180 ° E, 10 ° S∼ 10 ° N) with collocation, absolute observation...
ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has been in orbit for over 7 years, with its Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) functioning well. This 7 year period has provided a wealth of information which has enabled us to understand and consolidate the performance of the payload in great detail. More importantly, we know now the things that work well, those that...
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