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In Wireless Sensor Networks, most of the existing key management schemes, establish shared keys for all pairs of neighbor sensors without considering the communication between these nodes. This results in causing huge overhead. For large scale WSNs, these schemes still need each sensor to be loaded with a bulky amount of keys. In many-to-one traffic pattern of sensor networks, large numbers of sensor...
An application scenario embracing the area of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is studied in this paper. The infrastructure of the application scenario is wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. The WSN is query-based and with multi-hop transmission for data sensing. The application-specific network architecture was introduced and exploited. The detailed routing algorithm as well as its...
In recent years, as the development of wireless sensor networks, people do some deep research on cluster-based protocol, most about the prolongation of the lifetime of WSN and decline of energy consumed by the sensors .This article analyses the cluster-heads generating algorithm among LEACH and presents improved approach that adjusting the nodes, threshold function. When non cluster-heads choose optimal...
In the application of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the balance of energy consumption plays an important role in extending the life cycle of WSN. Aim at energy consumption of Wireless sensors network, a dynamic cluster-based routing protocol based on the greedy algorithm (GDCRP). In the protocol, nodes run for the cluster head according to the energy and location. The elected cluster head has optimal...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received more and more attention on the object tracking system, but the performance of active routing is low. In this paper,we present an novel energy efficient dynamic target tracking (EE-DTT) protocol for wireless sensor network, EE-DTT has three obvious features: firstly, it improves virtual grid ideas to divide each cluster into MtimesN square area and select...
In clustering wireless sensor networks, cluster-head nodes are backbone network to process and transmit data. Vast intra-cluster nodes obtain sleep, reduce data delay, lighten cluster head burden. In this paper, we derived the smallest active node number K, and achieved a new intra-cluster active nodes scheduling algorithm. The experimental results show that the result of the algorithm in saving energy...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have attracted considerable research effort in the community during the past couple of years. One of the most challenging issues so far is the extension of network lifetime with regards to small battery capacity and self-sustained operation. Endeavors to save energy have been made on various frontiers, ranging from hardware improvements over medium access and routing...
Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new routing protocols where energy awareness and reliability are the important consideration. The paper analyzes the cluster-based and gradient-based routing protocol in wireless sensor network. The advantages and limitations of protocols have been found. For improving the ability of protocol, an improved clustering routing protocol is proposed...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are highly distributed networks of small, light weighted, wireless nodes deployed in large numbers. These sensor nodes are immobile, non rechargeable with limited energy. The cluster-based protocols make judicious use of this limited energy. LEACH-C (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-Centralized) has a drawback, a lot of energy is consumed by the nodes to send...
Effective utilization of limited power resources by the sensors is pre-eminent to wireless sensor networks. Organizing the network into balanced clusters based on assigning equal number of sensors to each cluster may have the consequence of unbalanced load on the cluster heads. By-product of this is unbalanced consumption of energy by the nodes which leads to minimization of network lifetime. We put...
A sensing-covered network is a wireless sensor network where every single point in the geographic area is covered by the sensing range of at least one sensor node. For routing on such a 2-D sensing-covered network topology, we propose a new greedy forwarding-type progress-based routing protocol GC2, as well as a hybrid routing algorithm SCL:GC2 which is based on GC2 and a faster simplified version...
In tactical applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as intruder detection, tracking, and patrol operations, there tend to be multiple, mobile end-users who work amidst the sensors in the field to which data from individual sensors must be directly delivered. Efficient data dissemination in such networks is a challenging problem, since sensors with detections must be able to identify...
In the routing design of the wireless sensor networks, how to balance the energy consumption of the entire network to extend the life span throughout the network is a key issue. Based on the genetic ant colony algorithm, this paper proposed a design of the energy-saving, clustered routing protocol. Considering of the energy situations of the nodes, their relative positions and the energy load balancing...
In this paper, we consider sensor database systems. Sensors are attached to objects and queries on the objects are operated at the sensor network level. Although queries to such a system might be extremely complex, ensuring efficiently basic functionalities such as broadcast or anycast without any central element is not trivial. In this paper, we provide a suite of *-cast (anycast, k-cast, broadcast)...
Influenced by the multihop transmission, the routing protocol and the dynamic topology of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the measurements sampled in order by the distributed sensors may arrive in the fusion center out of sequence when they are transported across WSN. In order to gain the optimal global performance, the fusion center should update the state estimate with these out-of-sequence measurements...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a challenging problem is how to advance network QoS. Energy-efficiency, network communication traffic and failure-tolerance, these important factors of QoS are closely related with the applied performance of WSNs. Hence a QoS-aware routing protocol called directed alternative spanning tree (DAST) is proposed to balance the above three factors of QoS. A directed...
A wireless sensor network consists of hundreds or thousands of small energy-limited sensors that are densely deployed in a large geographical region. It has been demonstrated that low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is an energy-efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper, we present a Time-based cluster-head selection algorithm for LEACH. We call this...
Environmental monitoring is an area of significant research in the field of wireless sensor networks. It has the potential to reveal fine-grained, dynamic changes in monitored variables of an outdoor landscape. A network of sensor nodes spread across a field has the capacity to provide temporal and spatial data regarding the properties of the environment. For example, sensor networks could provide...
This paper presents a distributed fermat-point range estimation strategy, which is important in the moving sensor localization applications. The fermat-point is defined as a point which minimizes the sum of distances from three sensors inside a triangle. This point is indeed at the trianglepsilas center of gravity. We solve the problems of large errors and poor performance in the bounding box algorithm...
Sink mobility has become an increasingly important requirement of various sensor network applications. Handling such mobile sink conditions brings new challenges to large-scale sensor networking. This investigation proposed a hybrid-structure routing protocol (HSRP) that combines the benefits of grid-based and cluster-based structures. Grid-based structure is designed to solve the cluster head selection...
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