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This paper proposes a simple Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based water level and water quality monitoring system for fish ponds. The proposed architecture uses RGB color sensors and provides a low cost and real-time monitoring system to grow healthy fish and avoid anomalies such as overflow or low water level and the death or disease of fishes for unhealthy water (e.g., rise of acid level due to the...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of large number of small, inexpensive nodes that depend on their sensors, transmission and routing capabilities to collect and disseminate critical data. The energy consumption is a key design criterion for WSN routing algorithms due to the limited availability of energy within network nodes. Hence, energy-efficient routing mechanism is one of the most critical...
The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has developed rapidly in the last decade. Deploying tiny sensors with limited battery power in open and unprotected environment and dynamic topology in WSNs raises security issues in this kind of networks. Attacks can occur from any direction and any node in WSNs, so one crucial security challenge is to detect networks' intrusion. There are several algorithms...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually consist of small cheap sensors and they are extensively used for many applications including environment monitoring. In this paper, we focus on the problem that node density in a randomly deployed WSN differs region by region. In other words, sensor nodes are deployed non-uniformly over the network. Such a non-uniform topology makes clustering protocols less...
Biological systems have been an influential source of inspiration for designing localized and adaptive algorithm in networking domain. In this paper, we propose a human-inspired routing protocol for WSN utilizing ideas from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). In this context, geographical aware sensors exhibit some localized human traits to higher their throughput while keeping in mind energy metric. The...
The dramatic increase in sensors application over the past 20 years, made it clear that the sensors will make a revolution like that witnessed in microcomputers in 1980s. Moreover, some researchers have labeled the first decade of the 21st century as the “Sensor Decade” [1]. Sensor nodes are powered by limited capacity of batteries and because of this limitation, the energy consumption of a sensor...
Due to energy limit of sensors, lifetime maximization of wireless sensor network is one of the key problems protocol design. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a well known routing protocol in WSN, but its performance decreases sharply with increase of the network scale. To solve this problem, we introduce an improved LEACH routing protocol to balance energy consumption among the...
This paper describes the main features of an advanced communication model aimed to enhance the protection of critical energy assets against man-made attacks (terrorism) or natural disasters. The proposed model is based on a hybrid network architecture, which combines the advantages of different wireless technologies, such as Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, and Wireless...
Mobility poses many challenges to the routing protocols used in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper we evaluate the performance of the Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) when used in a mobile scenario. The simulation study shows that CTP performs poorly in a mobile scenario because of the frequent tree re-generation process resulting from the nodes' movements. The result is that there is a need for...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have inherent and unique characteristics rather than traditional networks. They have many different constraints, such as computational power, storage capacity, energy supply and etc. Energy aware routing protocol is very important in WSN, but routing protocol which only considers energy has not efficient performance. Therefore considering other parameters beside energy...
This paper considers a cluster-based wireless sensor network (WSN) where each sensor node takes turn to be cluster head. The main function of the cluster head is to oversee the communication within and between clusters while the remaining sensor nodes are involved in sensing of the surrounding environment. We address the sensor utilization problem where non-cluster head nodes in a cluster make decision...
In WSN, sensors near the sink have to relay the data of the nodes away from the sink and as a result they drain their energy very quickly. It result in network partitioning and can significantly limit the network lifetime. This problem is termed as hotspot problem. Recently, formation of hot spot or energy hole near the sink has emerged as a critical issue for data gathering in WSN. In this paper,...
Wireless sensor networks have become one of the most tempting networking technologies since it can be deployed without the need of a communication infrastructure. In general, there are some major concerns with this technology. That is, sensor node should have a long lasting system lifetime. And the system should keep the livability of nodes in a received level during the using process. In such systems...
In order to tackle the energy hole problem of sensor networks, the non-uniform node deployment strategy was presented recently. For achieving the expected performance of this deployment method, nodes need to transmit data to the sink node through selecting a node in the adjacent inner-region decided by the deployment strategy. Since nodes near the outer-boundary of a region will be covered by more...
The Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a type of the wireless ad-hoc networks. It consisting of a large number of sensors is effective for gathering data in a variety of environments. Since the sensors operate on battery of limited power, it is a great challenging aim to design an energy efficient routing protocol, which can minimize the delay while offering high-energy efficiency and long span of network...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communication capabilities. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising data mining solution for precision agriculture. Instrumented with wireless sensors, it will become available to monitor the plants for real time, such as air temperature, soil water content, and nutrition stress. This real time information...
In this paper, we explore the implementation of a smart monitoring system over a wireless sensor network, with particular emphasis on the creation of a solid routing infrastructure through the Routing Protocol for Low- power and lossy networks (RPL), whose definition is currently being discussed within the IETF ROLL working group. Our framework is based on a very lightweight implementation of the...
Recent technological advances in miniaturization and wireless communication have made Wireless Sensor Networks an active research field. The increasing number of multimedia and real-time applications for Wireless Sensor Networks has led to a growing interest in Quality of Service for this category of networks. In this paper, we propose a QoS-geographic and energy aware routing protocol for Wireless...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is being increasingly used for data collection in Critical Infrastructures (CIs). The paper presents an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), which is able to protect a CI from attacks directed to its WSN-based parts. By providing accurate and timely detection of malicious activities, the proposed IDS solution ultimately results in a dramatic improvement in terms...
Recent trends in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have suggested converging to such being IPv6-based. To this effect, the Internet Engineering Task Force has chartered a Working Group to develop a routing protocol specification, enabling IPv6-based multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks. This routing protocol, denoted RPL, has been under development for approximately a year, and this paper takes a critical...
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