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Various applications need an electric machine that can provide a wide range of torque over a broad range of rotation speed and temperature. Dynamic testing, where the machine acceleration is compared to the deceleration slope, allows to scan through a wide scope of operation points with insignificant temperature rise. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to analyse the consistency of the rapid experimental...
The dynamic testing method, as an alternative to traditional bench testing against a brake, has proven to be a fast, convenient, yet accurate way of characterizing electrical machines. By measuring the speed and the currents and voltages while alternatively accelerating and decelerating the electrical machine it is possible to obtain its torque and flux linkage characteristics dynamically. This article...
This paper proposes a simplified method to minimize the effects of the temperature variation on IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine) control in a real-time manner especially in vehicle traction applications. Nowadays, normally an IPMSM with a rare-earth magnet is used for HEV traction applications. But because the flux density of the magnet varies with temperature, the optimal operating...
EMC issues in electric cars require a significantly different approach to the one in conventional cars due to the new power topologies. As a result, the EMC methodologies in these vehicles are not so much developed as they are for example in the railways case, where compatibility with communications and signaling infrastructure is assessed. This paper presents the results of a EMC study focused on...
Three-phase current source inverter (CSI)-based induction motor (IM) drives are attractive in MV applications since they feature a simple inverter structure, a lower switching dv/dt, and a reliable short circuit protection. Although multiphase machine topic, especially the five-phase one, gains considerable interest recently in literature, almost all the applied control methods are targeting voltage...
This paper outlines a position control system for a two phase linear permanent magnet excited transverse flux machine. A force ripple minimization technique is implemented by an inverse force-current look-up table and a subordinate current controller. The superordinate speed and position control enables positioning tasks. The control system is implemented on a rapid prototyping system and is tested...
This paper proposes a novel method for using maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control for direct torque control (DTC) in the stator flux-linkage synchronous frame (M-T frame). In considering the magnetic-saturation and cross-coupling effects for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), most of the mathematical models in the rotor synchronous (d-q) frame are complex. In the M-T frame, the mathematical...
The implementation of high power electric traction systems in vehicles comprehensively affects the electromagnetic compatibility of these vehicles. Especially the operation of power electronic components beneath the conventional 12V electrical system is critical due to the disturbances produced by the electric traction system. These electric drives are normally supplied by a battery with nominal voltages...
The paper discusses advanced control of a dynamometer performing dynamic emulation of mechanical loads. Assumed is certain class of nonlinear load with backlash. Paper presents and describes the basic control structure, which can be used for validation of speed algorithms and its practical implementation with rapid control prototyping. Validation of experimental results against the simulations has...
This paper describes the results of various experimental tests carried out on synchronous reluctance motors with different rotor geometries. The impact of the assistance of Ferrite permanent magnet (PM) inset in the flux-barriers is considered: PM assisted reluctance motors are compared to synchronous reluctance motors, highlighting the main benefits of the former solution. The effect of the rotor...
This paper presents a comparison between maximum torque/ampere and maximum efficiency control strategies for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) in an electrical vehicle propulsion application. A mixed theoretical and experimental approach is adopted to demonstrate how an improvement in performance may be achieved when maximum efficiency control is utilised. The study is completed...
This paper considers a new system structure, which does not require current sensors for control and is optimized for medium- and small-power drives with strict requirements on precision. The main difference between traditional vector control and the proposed structure is a direct axis current compensator (DACC). DACC simplifies the control algorithms and cheapens the control hardware, in particular,...
Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor is widely used in home appliance, robot, and vehicle industry due to the merits of high power density, low noise, and simple controllability. A demands for the motor, especially slim-type BLDC motor, is expected to increase continuously since the minimizing trend of the actuators is getting attention from various applications. Because a phase inductance of the slim-type BLDC...
Typical operating conditions of permanent magnet synchronous motors correspond to nonlinear relationships between fluxes and currents. The determination of equivalent motor parameters is a non trivial task and can be critical for the design of motor controllers, which is typically based on a mathematical model. In this paper an experimental method to determine the flux-current nonlinear maps and a...
Highly utilized permanent magnet synchronous machines show magnetic saturation and cross-coupling effects. These phenomena are described by nonlinear differential equations and make feedback current control of the machine challenging. State of the art current control methods usually ignore these effects and hence do not produce optimal results in transient operation or in operation at the inverter...
We present a method for the online calibration of a compact series elastic actuator installed in a modular snake robot. Calibration is achieved by using the measured motor current of the actuator's highly geared motor and a simple linear model for the spring's estimated torque. A heuristic is developed to identify operating conditions where motor current is an accurate estimator of output torque,...
Field Oriented Control (FOC) technique is one of the mostly applied algorithm to control the speed and the flux of a three-phase electric drive. The paper focuses on high speed or high-pole count motor FOC drives when both the sampling over reference frequency ratio F and the carrier over reference frequency mf is low. The paper presents that the stability range of a speed sensor-less FOC motor drive...
This paper presents a multi-stage Switched Reluctance (SR) motor. In this proposed machine, the numbers of stator and rotor poles are equal in each stage. Because of the structure the proposed SR motor can achieve high torque/current ratio in operation. Also, the low-vibration operation is possible by shifting the excitation firing angle. Effectiveness of the proposed SR motor is verified by performing...
This paper proposes a new high-bandwidth speed sensorless direct torque control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives for wide speed range operation, including standstill. The sliding mode observer is used for joint stator flux and rotor speed estimation at all speeds. At low speeds, the sliding mode observer is enhanced by the fundamental PWM excitation technique, which is used to...
Special switching sequences involving division of active state time are used in space-vector-based generation of pulse width modulation (PWM) waveforms. This paper proposes a hybrid PWM technique which is a combination of the conventional and special switching sequences. The proposed hybrid PWM technique reduces the peak-to-peak torque ripple at high speeds of an induction motor drive. Supporting...
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