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The paper provides an overview of the evolution of the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission, which is part of the Copernicus European Earth Observation program. Following the successful launch and in-orbit Commissioning of Sentinel-1A in 2014 and Sentinel-1B in 2016, ESA is currently developing the Sentinel-1 C and D models. The paper addresses the expected improvements in system robustness and performance...
PALSAR-2 on ALOS-2 developed by JAXA, is a follow-on L-band SAR sensor from PALSAR on ALOS. The mission objectives defined by JAXA include contribution to disaster monitoring. To establish the methodology to acquire the damaged area for disaster monitoring, we need to improve our understanding of the relationships between the sensor parameters (e.g., coherence and errors of the interferogram) and...
The launch of Sentinel-1 constellation raise a new era for InSAR applications and time series analysis. The wide coverage, fine temporal and spatial resolution, precise control of orbits and the free distribution policy bring more new chances than ever to earth observations applications. In this experiment we use Sentinel-1A data that covers a period of one year and a half (from November 2014 to June...
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) are developing a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission to map Earth's surface every 12 days, known as the NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Mission. NISAR has completed its preliminary design and successfully passed its Preliminary Design Review in June 2016. This paper describes the...
Growth faults are common and continue to evolve throughout the unconsolidated sediments of Greater Houston region. Property damages due to faulting have become more evident during the past few years. The constant damages and the rapid rate of the fault movements portray the necessity of further study of the faults over this area. Locating the active faults is crucial for protecting people and infrastructures...
Sinkhole is ground depression and/or collapse over the subsurface cavity in the karst terrain underlain by the carbonates, evaporites, and other soluble soils and rocks. The geohazards have been considered as a “hidden threat” to human life, infrastructures and properties. Sinkholes in West Texas have developed due to the dissolution of the subsurface evaporite deposits in contact with groundwater...
During 2013–2017, the State of California experienced a major drought that impacted water management practices, water delivery, and groundwater extraction, any of which had the potential to impact the critical infrastructure used for water conveyance. The use of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) and multi-polarization SAR images to monitor levees and aqueducts in California during the...
Mapping iceberg locations and geometrical parameters is important for marine operational applications and climate science. The innovative TanDEM-X mission (TDM) was used for 3D mapping of icebergs in sea ice with the single-pass SAR interferometry (InSAR) method. The extracted digital elevation model (DEM) from TDM InSAR data over icebergs in sea ice was compared to a DEM generated from very-high-resolution...
Compared with DEM generated from single frequency or single baseline repeat pass inteferometric SAR data, the quality of DEM fused with multi-baseline multi-frequency InSAR has been improved effectively. However, the quality of fused DEM by using same orbital and illuminating direction has still been constrained by some factors, among of which the layover and shadow effects are the most important...
We present a novel approach for phase denoising in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images, named as Block-Matching InSAR (BMInSAR). It uses k-means clustering to solve the block matching similarity search problem, thus simplifying preprocessing steps and filtering several reference-blocks at once. Also, we propose a novel methodology based on ground-truth GPS measurements to assess...
This study investigated the efficacy of fusing simulated Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar data with TanDEM-X (TDX) single-polarized InSAR data for the estimation of forest structure over a coniferous Forest — Teakettle Experimental Forest (TEF). Simulated GEDI canopy heights were used to constrain the unknown parameter of a widely-used SAR scattering model — Random Volume over...
A C-band convoy mission with a receive-only interferometer using Sentinel-1 as the active sensor could cover the needs for an operational satellite mission for forest monitoring, that can clarify the magnitude and geography of the residual land sink of carbon in the global carbon budget; routinely map forest carbon changes in the tropics for REDD+, and routinely provide updated forest resource maps...
Differential SAR interferograms show displacements in only the line-of-sight direction. In order to map fully three-dimensional surface deformations, multi-interferograms from more than three directions are required. JAXA's PALSAR-2 onboard ALOS-2 has a capability to observe the Earth surface in either of right or left direction from ascending and descending tracks. In PALSAR-2 data archives, there...
In this study, we present a case study of the Slumgullion landslide conducted in July 2015 to demonstrate the feasibility of deformation mapping with an airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system known as ARTEMIS SlimSAR, which is a compact, modular, and multi-frequency radar system. For this study, the L-band SlimSAR was installed on a Cessna 206 aircraft and data were collected on July 3, 7,...
We use data from the second generation of SAR systems e.g. the Italian COSMO-SkyMed constellation and the German TanDEM-X formation to monitor the characteristics of grounding line migration using short repeat-time interferometry and accurate InSAR DEM on Pine Island glacier (PIG), West Antarctica. Prior attempts of grounding lines mapping have been limited because few space-borne SAR missions offer...
This contribution proposes a new approach for the analysis and preparation of geodetic data for the use in geophysical modeling. The approach resolves the problem of non-uniformity in the datasets obtained by different measurement techniques. The approach is based on two main steps: uniformization of the data using a standardized data format, and the application of the CUPiDO conversion tool to construct...
This work presents a model of phase perturbations affecting bistatic SAR L-band acquisitions, along with a multisquint-based compensation method. It is shown how this method is able to discriminate each component of the phase screens, thus allowing a more accurate correction scheme. The phase compensation accuracy is assessed on the recovery of each individual screen and on tomography by generating...
The side-looking imaging geometry of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) causes inevitable layover in SAR images. Separating the contributions from different scatterers has been the fundamental for many applications. It is typically solved by explicit inversion of the SAR imaging model to retrieve the scattering profile along the mixed dimension (elevation), which is otherwise known as SAR tomography....
In this paper, we focus on the topographic effects of InSAR interferometric land use (ILU) images and a corresponding terrain correction method is proposed. Firstly, Effective scattering area correction and angular variation effect correction are performed for intensity information. Secondly, for the coherence information, a novel difference equation method of terrain correction based on the SINC...
In this study, we evaluate the capability of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique for the monitoring wetland water level changes in the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. This province is one of the richest Canadian provinces in terms of wetland expanse, yet these productive habitats remain poorly understood in this area. The InSAR technique is proven to be...
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