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The charging and discharging characteristics of lead-acid batteries are investigated to learn the relationship between the state-of-charge (SOC) and the dynamically changed open-circuit voltage. Experimental results indicate that the open-circuit voltage of the lead-acid battery varies methodically with the charging or discharging rates and the duration since they have been disconnected from the load...
Accurate estimation of battery state of charge (SOC) is essential for battery control and effective energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Battery hysteresis poses a big challenge to the estimation of SOC. In the present battery state estimator (BSE), a rule-based hysteresis estimation method for nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries is used due to the lack of physical hysteresis models...
The input variables of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference model are selected by correlation analysis based on the parameter options of NiMH batteries. The output characteristic of NiMH battery is generalized by Expert experience, and the ANFIS model is established including the selection of input variables and membership functions. Then the fuzzy rules are adjusted by BP neural network algorithm and least-squares...
Ultra-capacitor has the features of high power density, quick charge and long life cycle, which receives great attention in the research and development of electric vehicles. State of charge of battery or ultra-capacitor is the most important parameter in an electric vehicle. In this paper, a state-space state of charge estimation method for ultra-capacitor made of active carbon electrode and aqueous...
A state-of-charge (SOC) estimation method is proposed based on the relationship between the state-of-discharge (SOD) and the dynamically changed open-circuit-voltage. The variation of the open-circuit-voltage is observed experimentally on the lead-acid batteries and, by considering the open-circuit time and the previous discharging current, an estimation equation based on the equivalent circuit of...
Battery management systems (BMS) in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) should be able to online estimate the present state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack accurately. In this paper, we proposed a SOC estimating method for battery packs based on the well-known extended Kalman filter (EKF). The underlying dynamic behavior of the battey pack was described by a model which was based on an equivalent...
The objective of this work is to develop a state-of-charge (SOC) estimation system for the lead-acid battery, which is free from the time-dependent variation of the battery characteristics. In this system, the SOC is estimated by an improved Coulomb metric method, and the time-dependent variation is compensated by using a learning system. The learning system tunes the Coulomb metric method in such...
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