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The Firm energy of generation plants is a critical component in some electricity markets. It is usually calculated by the regulator and sets a cap to the amount a plant can trade in capacity markets (or auctions), in order to avoid free-riding behaviors. Firm energy is a systemic property and, in case of hydro plants, a synergy is observed whenever a cooperative operation occurs, i.e., the firm energy...
We present a hydropower scheduling model for coordinated trade in the day-ahead and balancing market with alternative ways to represent generator start/stop decisions. A case study on a branch of a Norwegian water course is conducted, with analysis going in two directions: how does the start/stop feature influence the added value of balancing market trade as opposed to day-ahead trading only, and...
This work investigates the cost of delivering different types of balancing reserves from a simple hydropower reservoir system. In addition to delivering energy, the fast ramping characteristics of hydropower units makes them suitable for delivery of various balancing products that are needed in order to maintain system security. The price at which these products are offered is determined by the opportunity...
This paper analyzes a possibility of upgrading hydroelectric plant (HEP) with solar photovoltaic (PV) generator. The main objective of this solution is maximization of green energy production in accordance with local and existing HEP framework. The example of HEP Zavrelje/Dubrovnik in Croatia was used as a paradigm of such exploitation of RES. The results of the analysis confirm that the proposed...
Many developed countries are moving towards a low carbon economy and are therefore demanding higher levels of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are not constant and therefore the electrical system (grid) will require a certain level of energy storage to achieve a higher level of renewable energy penetration. Many of the storage systems will be based on hydro technology, which means...
A method for optimal electric energy production of thermal-hydro power systems is presented in this paper. The electric energy produced by hydroelectric plants and coal-fired plants is divided into 4 components: potential energy, kinetic energy, water-deep pressure energy and reservoir energy. A new and important concept, reservoir energy, is proposed, based on which is divided into a number of water...
To limit the impact of the intermittence of wind power, a water storage ability of the hydraulic storage plant combined with a wind power plant, called the wind-hydro power system (WS), is used. The main objective is to limit the active power output variations of wind energy resource taking into account the grid needs and the available stored energy. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem...
For the last decades, oil and gas field existing facilities have been extended and/or redeveloped to account for field evolution (declining reservoir pressure, satellite field tie backs, ...), economic perspectives from the rising oil barrel selling price, oil reserve/gas valorization and other environmental constraints such as ldquono gas flaring policyrdquo. For some existing offshore or onshore...
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