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This chapter describes five levels of leadership: egocentric, reactive, creative, integral, and unitive. On the world stage, egocentric leadership is responsible for oppressive dictatorships, fascism, Nazism, terrorist extremism, ethnic cleansing, gang violence, and immoral governance. The developmental challenge of the reactive mind is to merge with society. As the consciousness of leaders moves...
This study reviews different typologies of toxic leaders in organizations-from bullies to narcissistic leaders. Unfortunately, toxic leaders are a painful but common reality in many organizations. Their destructive behaviors and dysfunctional personal characteristics often generate enduring poisonous effects on those they lead. They are identified by selfish outcomes in their decision-making and how...
Niniejsza praca zawiera przegląd różnych typów toksycznych liderów w organizacjach – od gnębicieli po narcyzów. Toksyczni liderzy są bolesnym, jednak powszechnym elementem rzeczywistości w wielu organizacjach. Ich destrukcyjne zachowania i dysfunkcyjne cechy osobowości często trwale szkodzą osobom, którymi kierują. Gdy podejmują decyzje, kierują się zazwyczaj egoistycznymi pobudkami, co prowadzi...
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