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In this paper, we present a MAC protocol called Hop Extended Pipelined Routing MAC (HE-PRMAC) that enables a node to send a data packet for multiple hops in a single duty cycle similar to PR-MAC and has the ability to handle traffic overhead in an efficient way. HE-PRMAC addresses delivery latency and throughput degradation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using hop extended mechanism and a new...
In this paper, we propose a new Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) called MMSMAC (Multi-Mode Sensor MAC protocol), which can operate and switch among three modes: synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid, according to the application requirements. In the synchronous mode, MMSMAC organizes the sensor nodes under even and odd clusters. Each sensor node has its own...
A significant number of previous studies have shown, however, network traffic exhibited frequently large bursty traffic possesses self-similar properties. For the future applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with large number of cluster structures, such as Internet of Things (IoT) and smart grid, the network traffic should not be assumed as conventional Poisson process. We thus employ ON/OFF...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology for many applications, such as industrial, environment, and health-care application. The first requirement of WSN is energy efficiency in order to increase the network node lifetime. The second is reliability because packet drop cannot be tolerated in critical time applications. In this paper, we use NS2 simulation to evaluate and analyze the...
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), routing protocol is an important aspect to utilize network resources fairly. Normally, routing mechanisms are selfish in nature and are based on a single objective criterion, e.g., hop count. This behaviour is inappropriate for a long lasting communication as it causes performance degradation in the entire network and ultimately leads to network congestion. To enhance...
In IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled mode, the personal area network (PAN) coordinator can assign guaranteed time slot (GTS) to allocate a particular duration for requested devices. The main challenge in GTS mechanism is how the PAN coordinator allocates time slot duration for the devices which request GTS. However, if the allocated devices use GTS slot partially or the traffic pattern is not suitable,...
Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is able to achieve low-power transmissions in low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It employs the slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in the contention access period (CAP). Unfortunately the periodic broadcast beacon frame is transmitted without CSMA/CA so that it could...
Different Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been proposed over the last few years. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol standard is designed for low-power, low-cost, and low-rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). The contention period of IEEE 802.15.4 standard consists of Contention Access Period (CAP) and Contention Free Period (CFP). CAP utilizes Carrier...
In this paper, a distributed traffic-balancing routing protocol is proposed for multi-sink industrial wireless sensor networks that effectively distributes traffic from sources to sinks. Each node has a gradient field that is used to decide on a neighbor node to reach a sink. The node's gradient index contains (1) the distance cost from source to a respective sink, and (2) traffic information from...
Existing low-power MAC protocols only provide low throughput because of the fixed low duty-cycle. This often leads to poor performance when dealing with time-constrained burst traffic. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid CSMA/TDMA MAC protocol, called Queue-MAC, that dynamically adapts the duty-cycle according to the current network traffic. The queue length of nodes is used as the network traffic...
EDCA is a contention-based channel access scheme defined in the IEEE 802.11e standard and it can ensure quality of multimedia services. In this paper, we propose a new enhanced EDCA scheme called Hybrid-Measure EDCA(HM-EDCA), which dynamically adjust the important parameters-contention window(CW) size according to both of network condition and traffic state of traffic categories at each node. Network...
A framework for the joint design of wireless network and controllers is proposed. Multiple control systems are considered where the sensor measurements are transmitted to the controller over the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. The essential issues of wireless networked control systems (NCSs) are investigated to provide an abstraction of the wireless network for a co-design approach. We first present an analytical...
The Application specific wireless sensor network differs basically from the general data network. It focuses on tight communication but restricted in storage, lifetime, power and energy. The WSNs consists of unbelievable network load and it leads to energy wastage and packet loss. Many of the existing concepts are developed for link level congestion control. The Rate optimization technique for node...
A multichannel scheduling based on an extension of modified largest weighted delay first (M-LWDF) scheduling is proposed for heterogeneous traffic. We consider the downlink of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system where the wireless channel and queue state information are taken into account to schedule delay-sensitive and ratesensitive traffic. We propose a logarithmic notion...
In this paper, we apply a discrete-time Markov Chain model to analyse the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol with acknowledgement (ACK) frame transmission under unsaturated traffic conditions. We evaluate the system performance in terms of aggregate throughput and average power consumption of a node. Analytical results are substantiated through ns2 simulations. The effects of frame arriving...
In Wireless Sensor Networks, the traffic is light under idle or light load. When an event is detected the network becomes active and the data flow traffic becomes heavy, which leads to congestion. Congestion plays an vital role in reducing the performance of the network. Hence it necessitates to develop an effective congestion control technique. This paper focus on congestion detection and control...
This paper presents a history based statistical channel access mechanism for enabling traffic prioritization in wireless sensor networks. Prioritized access is realized such that low priority non-real-time sensors can access channel bandwidth that is unused by high priority real-time traffic. The key idea is for the low priority sensor nodes to first observe and statistically model the channel usage...
The sensor network consist of multi-purpose of node in a scarred networks area. The modern motes that have multiple sensor board on a single radio board, which have different type of transmission rate, required bandwidth, packet loss, delay demands etc. In this paper we proposed Heterogeneous Congestion Control Protocol(HCCP), which controls the efficient rate for heterogeneous traffic. This protocol...
In wireless multihop networks, route selection plays an important role in network performance in terms of throughput capacity, as well as, energy efficiency. In general, the route selection strategy should distribute the traffic throughout the network, in order to avoid congestion. This strategy also has the side-effect of distributing the energy consumption among all nodes, so that the energy starvation...
Lightweight Congestion Aware Reliable Transport protocol (LCART) is based on cross-layering the prevalent or reciprocal functionalities of Transport, MAC and Wireless-Physical layers in order to achieve energy efficiency and meeting QoS objectives of heterogeneous WSN1 including multimedia. LCART intelligently overcomes network congestion by the simultaneous use of Packet Service Time, Packet Inter...
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