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A switching beam antenna with dual polarizations for LTE small cell application is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of 5 sets high gain dual-polarized dipole antennas, two RF switching network circuit, a digital control circuit with the whole dimensions 200 × 200 × 76 mm3. The antenna has a wide bandwidth for LTE operation in 2100–2700 MHz band. And good radiation performance...
Polarization modulation is a technique to modulate digital information using different polarization of the electromagnetic wave. The existing waveform based modulation techniques are well developed and start approaching to their performance limits. Polarization modulation provides a new modulation dimension for wireless communications and can further increase data throughput. A four-port circular...
A reflectarray concept which allows electronic beam-steering by using a binary phase approximation is presented. The proposed antenna element works at 24 GHz and is comprised of an aperture-coupled patch antenna with an open-ended microstrip line on the backside to obtain the proper phase distribution on the reflectarray aperture. Electronic beam-steering is achieved by applying PIN diodes on the...
This paper presents the design challenges that could be faced by radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna in the Gigahertz (GHz) frequencies. This is due to the close relationship between the antenna radiation mechanism to the insertion loss and isolation loss contributed by RF switch at ON and OFF state respectively. Apart from that, the size of the antenna at higher frequencies especially above...
We propose here a compact beam forming network developed for a switched beam antenna array printed on a conical fuze. Due to tight space constraints, the beam former is made of multiple stacked PCB layers; it is designed around 5.2GHz to excite a 12-element antenna array printed on a conical shape. The numerical results demonstrate very attractive performance and they are compared to some measurement...
A novel commercial-able 3-sector antenna architecture with 6 digitally selectable basic switchable radiation patterns is proposed. Each sector is composed of a driven PIFA, a trimming slit and a RF current dragger. Each current dragger, a small resonator directed connect to system ground, could be controlled by General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) signal to switch the sinking RF current. Details of...
A beam-streering textile antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is proposed and investigated in this work. This proposed antenna is centrally-fed by a coaxial probe before currents are distributed to the four circular radiating elements. This novel structure successfully integrated the reconfigurable feature into a wearable textile antenna using electronic components. Four RF switches...
This paper presents a three layer reconfigurable antenna which can switch its radiation pattern in different directions depending upon the state of the RF switches. The concept is based on the conventional Yagi antenna. The PIN diodes are used to switch the parasitic elements of the antenna in and out of resonance and thereby the beam tilting is achieved. The peak gain of the antenna is about 6.4...
A novel pattern-switchable antenna system design with compact size and low complexity is proposed. The proposed system consists of a PIFA and two miniaturized current draggers. Each current dragger, a small radiator without signal-feeding, is controlled by a pin diode to switch the sinking RF current. Four switching states provide the proposed antenna system four radiation patterns for environmental...
Modern electrically steerable antennas have the ability to evolve their far-field radiation pattern on nanosecond timescales. The transient radiation that occurs during this evolution cannot be captured by conventional radiation pattern measurements, which take at least several minutes to complete. We present a temporal and spatial sampling method of measuring the rapid temporal evolution of an electronically...
The synthesis of time-modulated linear arrays (TMLAs) is addressed in this work by considering the optimization of the switch-on instants of the radio-frequency (RF) switches used to modulate the static element excitations. It is shown that these additional degrees of freedom can be exploited to maintain some features of the radiation pattern more constant throughout the modulation period. Representative...
In this paper, an antenna has been proposed for fast vertical scanning in cylindrical coordinates. The antenna is a travelling-wave slot-array antenna with slots activated by RF-MEMS. By switching the different RF-MEMS, the active slots vary and the radiation pattern sweeps from one side to the other side of the array. The active elements can be a group of slots or just one slot. In this paper a group...
In this article, we report a reconfigure antenna that is able to radiate different topologies of radiation pattern. Such an antenna system is composed of a four-way power divider made from a cavity-type structure fabricated using printed circuit technology. Due to the symmetric electric field distribution in the resonant cavity, the power divider maintains equal amplitude- and phase- distribution...
The reconfigurable antenna exhibits a number of attractive features such as compact size and dynamic reconfigurability to increase the throughput and meet flexible demands for the end users. The multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna implemented in Intelpsilas mobile concept PC demonstrates small antenna count and supports seamless switching between 3G and WiFi standards using mixed network software.
A lumped element model of a popular commercial RF MEMS switch has been created that can be used for switches whose ground planes are floating. It enables more accurate simulation of reconfigurable antennas using these switches. Care must still be taken in designing a bias network for switches because DC bias lines that are not RF isolated can change the radiation characteristics in unpredictable ways.
This paper introduces the modeling of reconfigurable antennas using graphs. Several examples are presented and analyzed. Graphs are shown herein to be useful for modeling reconfigurable antennas with different techniques and properties.
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