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Each grounding system (GS) needs periodical measurements to control its adequacy to the safety conditions. The tests of step and touch voltages are the sole measurements available in urban or industrial areas with reduced accessibility. In fact, in these areas, the classic measurements used to verify the electrical characteristics of the GS generally present some operational difficulties. The auxiliary...
The design of a substation grounding system that is surrounded by a number of backfill material (finite volumes of soil) with distinct resistivity values, such as a thin surface layer of crushed rock and paved surfaces is particularly complicated. The effects of such arbitrary finite volumes of backfill material and heterogeneous soil have been studied in this paper. The numerical solution of a boundary...
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