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Energy transfer between excited rare-earth ions has been widely used for realizing upconversion lasers and also recognized as a gain limiting factor in high-concentration Er-doped amplifiers. The energy transfer leads to upconversion of the excitation which for randomly distributed (not clustered) ions is called homogeneous upconversion. It was commonly assumed that the rate of homogeneous upconversion...
By measuring the metastable and the upconverted fluorescence in Er-doped fibers we determine rate of homogeneous upconversion as a function of the population inversion. The results confirm the prediction of our statistical model that at the same population inversion the upconversion rates under the steady-state and the switch-off conditions are different. The larger rate of the steady state upconversion...
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