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Multi drug resistance (MDR) is often due to an increased efflux of anti cancer drugs out of leukemic blast cells. Efflux assays are used to get an impression of functional resistance in those cells. Dyes like rhodamine 123 or 3 3 -diethyloxocarbocyanine iodide are commonly used for this purpose. A major known disadvantage is that dyes do not behave like cytotoxic drugs in efflux experiments....
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