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It is difficult for managers to do real-time traffic estimation under urban road network because of the incompletion of information collection and the complexity of road network. This paper will improve the precision of data expansion algorithm presented by Lederman R and Wynter L. (2011) using Kalman Filter during real-time estimation. Computation is composed of a heavyweight offline calibration...
Model-based software estimation uses algorithms and past project data to make predictions for new projects. This paper presents a comparative assessment of four modeling approaches, including the original COCOMO, COCOMO calibration, k-Nearest Neighbors, and a combination of COCOMO calibration and k-Nearest Neighbors. Our results indicate that using kNN to select the nearest projects and calibrating...
Pulse Transit Time (PTT)/Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) measurement based non-invasive blood pressure estimation is of much interest at present, as it enables continuous monitoring of blood pressure in a more comfortable manner compared to traditional cuff based methods, without hindering natural user behavior. In this study we have investigated the possibility of estimating blood pressure using PTT without...
Hand-Eye Calibration (HEC) which is necessary in robotics is proposed to determine the relative transformations between the camera and the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in this paper. We know HEC could be degenerated into the problem of solving an optimization issue for the homogeneous matrix composed of rotation and translation. After acquiring an initial estimation with Kronecker product and singular...
Lifetime of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is of paramount importance, since in many power electronic voltage source converter systems this capacitor type is used in the DC-link. Thermal stress is one of the most critical stressors for electrolytic capacitors leading to wear-out and failures. Therefore, methods to perform online monitoring of the hotspot temperature of capacitors would lead to beneficial...
The continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) has been found to significantly predict the risk of severe cardiovascular disease. Pulse arrival time (PAT), generally extracted from synchronized photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, is widely adopted in noninvasive blood pressure studies. However, motion artifact and physical activities introduce different levels of noise...
3D model-based gaze estimation methods are widely explored because of their good accuracy and ability to handle free head movement. Traditional methods with complex hardware systems (Eg. infrared lights, 3D sensors, etc.) are restricted to controlled environments, which significantly limit their practical utilities. In this paper, we propose a 3D model-based gaze estimation method with a single web-camera,...
The ability to estimate attitude (pitch, roll) and heading (yaw) in reference to the North-East-Down frame is of great importance for localization applications. Determining true north proves to be especially challenging. This paper presents a fast and simple north-seeking method by utilizing earth's rotation measured by a three-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) based on Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (FOG)...
Focused images captured by the lens system suffer image degradation due to factors, such as aberration, caused by the optical structure. In the simple lens system, aberration is more severe because of the simplification of the imaging system. In the existing imaging model, the blur kernel of the image is usually described by the point spread function. A few studies have shown that the blur kernel...
Accurate hand-eye calibration is a very significant task in robotics. Many algorithms focus on L optimization, and Least Square Estimation (LSE) is usually employed to deal with this problem. For the reason that LSE can only be applied to occasions that errors obey normal distribution, LSE can lead to a lower precision of calibration result when gross errors occur. Different from the existing approaches,...
A new linear weighting method and a calibration technique tested comparatively to the proposed linear method and to inverse distance weighting method are analyzed. The proposed methods are tested for temperature estimation in inter weather stations regions, with cumulative minimum deviations from the real values. The analysis reveals that for some weather stations configurations, with certain statistical...
This paper presents a gaze estimation algorithm using 3-D eyeball model and 2-D pupil center — inner eye corner(PC-IEC) vector. The conventional methods using feature points in the eye images need lots of calibration markers and long calibration time. However, since the pupil and gaze movements are closely related to the 3-D rotation of eyeball, the long and complicated calibrations are not necessary...
The performance of the three-axis magnetometer is mainly restricted by the sensitivity error, offset error, and nonorthogonality error. In this paper, we present a geometric ellipsoid fitting method to calibrate these errors. The new method is based on minimizing the orthogonal distances from measuring points to the ellipsoid. The minimizing problem is formulated as the nonlinear least square problem,...
In this paper, the authors proposes a easy calibration of DOD-based BLE beacon system for an indoor localization application. By the proposed calibration method, we can easily recognize the orientation and location of the beacon even though the beacons are roughly installed. The method uses DOD calculated from RSSI of received beacon signals and sensor information of the mobile handset for calibration...
Consistent reporting of Limit of Detection (LOD) and its inherent uncertainty is imperative as the number of sensors for challenging applications continues to rise. Here, we demonstrate a Bayesian approach to LOD estimation, which also provides estimates of LOD uncertainty. By using this method to compare seemingly similar sensors, we demonstrate that LOD uncertainty is at least as important as LOD...
In multi-channel high-resolution and wide-swath SAR signal processing, Doppler centroid (DC) is essential for channel phase bias estimation and SAR focusing. By exploiting that an inaccurate Doppler centroid would introduce linear errors in phase bias estimation and consequently deteriorate the reconstructed Doppler spectrum, the Doppler centroid can be accurately estimated by Doppler spectrum optimisation...
A CMOS digital temperature measurement technique is reported, which doesn't require an explicit reference voltage during temperature to digital conversion. Instead, one of the inputs from the sensor core serves as the reference. After eliminating the need to use an external reference, we observe at least twofold increase in temperature estimation accuracy compared to the reference based traditional...
This paper presents an algorithm for estimating walking distance using a wrist-mounted IMU for continuous rolling case of a walker user. The walking distance is estimated through the hip joint displacement in a planar plane based on an inverted pendulum walking model. Our main contribution is that we can estimate the movement distance of the hip joint from the wrist-mounted imu without any calibration...
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields can be characterized by specific hydrophones that are able to withstand the large acoustical pressures used in medical applications. Such hydrophones may show a non-flat frequency response due to their being strengthened by protection layers against cavitation damage. Therefore, hydrophone calibration data should be used in deconvolution in order to...
In the context of fingerprinting (FP) applications, this paper investigates the reduction of quantization levels in the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) till to its binary representation. One of the common drawbacks of FP is the large data size and consequently the large search space and computational load as a result of either vastness of the positioning area or the finer resolution in the...
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