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This paper treats the control of engine air-to-fuel ratio from the perspective of adaptive control of time-delay systems. High accuracy of engine air-to-fuel ratio control is required to meet stringent emissions regulations. Two adaptive controller designs are considered. The first design is based on feed-forward adaptation while the second design is based on both feedback and feedforward adaptation...
Feedback is information that is provided to a user to inform him/her about the result of his/her action and to motivate him/her to further interact with the system. In Web-based learning systems (WBLS), feedback is particularly important in test and evaluation tasks. The main objective of the paper is twofold: (I) to encourage WBLS designers and specialists to pay more attention to the problem of...
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