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In 2014, two unnatural nucleosides, d5SICS and dNaM, were shown to selectively base pair and replicate with high fidelity in a modified strain of E. coli, thus effectively expanding its genetic alphabet from four to six letters. More recently, a significant reduction in cell proliferation was reported in cells cultured with d5SICS, and putatively with dNaM, upon exposure to brief periods of near‐visible...
DNA and RNA are the only known natural genetic materials. Systematic modification of each of their chemical building blocks (nucleobase, sugar, and phosphate) has enabled the study of the key properties that make those nucleic acids genetic materials. All three moieties contribute to replication and, significantly, all three moieties can be replaced by synthetic analogs without loss of function. Synthetic...
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