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Pancreatic β cells play an essential role in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis as they sense blood glucose levels and respond by secreting insulin. Upon stimulating glucose uptake in insulin‐sensitive tissues post‐prandially, this anabolic hormone restores blood glucose levels to pre‐prandial levels. Maintaining physiological glucose levels thus relies on proper β‐cell function. To fulfill...
Purpose of Review This review summarizes the alterations in the β-cell observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on changes in β-cell identity and mass and changes associated with metabolism and intracellular signaling. Recent Findings In the setting of T2D, β-cells undergo changes in gene expression, reverting to a more immature state and in some cases transdifferentiating into other islet cell...
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