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Overcoming von Wright's anxiety

Andrew Halpin

Theoria > 90 > 2 > 191 - 207

This article examines the anxiety expressed by von Wright over the status of the deontic permission, P, as an independent normative category, given the interdefinability between P and O at the foundation of deontic logic. Two concerns are noted: the reducibility of P to O, and the inadequacy of P to convey a full permission in a social setting. Drawing on resources from the Hohfeldian analytical framework,...

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SIMPLEST SOLUTION TO THE DEEPEST PARADOX OF DEONTIC LOGIC

Joaquin Jeremiah Joven

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu > 2023 > 30 > 4 > 312 – 322

Since its inception in 1984, several ‘simple’ solutions have been proposed to answer the deepest paradox of deontic logic. In this paper, I present the simplest one yet: the deepest paradox is simply ill-formulated.

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Aspekty temporalne powinności w logice deontycznej: od von Wrighta do Thomasona

Patryk Popławski

Edukacja Filozoficzna > 2023 > 75 > 67-91

Celem artykułu jest omówienie początków zainteresowania aspektami temporalnymi obowiązków w logice deontycznej. Badany okres to lata 1951–1981. Najpierw autor przybliża dyskusję dotyczącą obowiązków warunkowych i wyodrębnia tam pierwszy aspekt: czas powinności. Później charakteryzuje myśli Patricii Greenspan, która wprost wykorzystuje ten aspekt do rozwiązania paradoksu Chisholma. Następnie omawia...

article

Obowiązek oparty na preferencji

Marcin Drofiszyn

Filozofia Nauki > 2022 > 30 > 3 > 101-130

The paper presents a formalization of Henryk Elzenberg’s system of axiology, which features the notions of value, ought, and obligation. The formalization I propose is constructed in the language of sentential modal logic. However, as Elzenberg was well aware, his system of axiology had several difficulties. To avoid them, I propose a modification of the system’s foundations and show that it preserves...

article

Deontic Concepts and Their Clash in Mīmāṃsā: Towards an Interpretation

Elisa Freschi, Matteo Pascucci

Theoria > 87 > 3 > 659 - 703

The article offers an overview of the deontic theory developed by the philosophical school of Mīmāṃsā, which is, and has been since the last centuries BCE, the main source of normative concepts in Sanskrit thought. Thus, the Mīmāṃsā deontics is interesting for any historian of philosophy and constitutes a thought‐provoking occasion to rethink deontic concepts, taking advantage of centuries of systematic...

article

BOULESIC LOGIC, DEONTIC LOGIC AND THE STRUCTURE OF A PERFECTLY RATIONAL WILL

Daniel Rönnedal

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu > 2020 > 27 > 2 > 187 – 262

In this paper, I will discuss boulesic and deontic logic and the relationship between these branches of logic. By ‘boulesic logic,’ or ‘the logic of the will,’ I mean a new kind of logic that deals with ‘boulesic’ concepts, expressions, sentences, arguments and systems. I will concentrate on two types of boulesic expression: ‘individual x wants it to be the case that’ and ‘individual x accepts that...

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On the Sick Father, the Repentant Sinner, and Other Problems in Medieval Deontic Logic

Risto Hilpinen

Theoria > 85 > 6 > 420 - 434

Many medieval philosophers and logicians regarded modal logic as a model for epistemic, normative and optative concepts on the basis of their apparent similarities to modal concepts. These interpretations of modal logic led to critical studies of the applicability of modal principles to deontic concepts. Some philosophers presented apparent counterexamples to the deontic interpretation of the Consequence...

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Contrary-to-Duty Paradoxes and Counterfactual Deontic Logic

Daniel Rönnedal

Philosophia > 2019 > 47 > 4 > 1247-1282

In this paper, I will discuss some examples of the so-called contrary-to-duty (obligation) paradox, a well-known puzzle in deontic logic. A contrary-to-duty obligation is an obligation telling us what ought to be the case if something forbidden is true, for example: ‘If she is guilty, she should confess’. Contrary-to-duty obligations are important in our moral and legal thinking. Therefore, we want...

article

Supercover Semantics for Deontic Action Logic

Karl Nygren

Journal of Logic, Language and Information > 2019 > 28 > 3 > 427-458

The semantics for a deontic action logic based on Boolean algebra is extended with an interpretation of action expressions in terms of sets of alternative actions, intended as a way to model choice. This results in a non-classical interpretation of action expressions, while sentences not in the scope of deontic operators are kept classical. A deontic structure based on Simons’ supercover semantics...

article

Dylematy moralne i logika deontyczna

Marcin Drofiszyn

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia > 2019 > 14 > 3 > 125-132

In the paper I discuss an argument of deontic logic concerning the problem of the existence of moral dilemmas. First, I draw attention to the philosophical context of this argument and present three proofs which reveal an inconsistency in the nature of moral dilemmas. These proofs, however, are philosophically and logically controversial. Accordingly, I provide an alternative proof, based on the LP-system...

article

HYPERINTENSIONALITY OF DEONTIC MODALS: AN ARGUMENT FROM ANALOGY

Daniela Glavaničová

Filozofia (Philosophy) > 2019 > 74 > 8 > 652 – 662

A plenitude of motivations can and has been enlisted to speak for the hyper intensionality of epistemic modals. This fact is well-known and many logical frameworks have been introduced to capture the fine-grained nature of epistemic modals. Recently, hyper intensionality of deontic modals has been brought into the focus. Paradoxes of deontic logic and the failure of substitution of classical equivalents...

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Logic of faith and deed. The idea and an outline of the theoretical conception

Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska

Studia Philosophiae Christianae > 2019 > 55 > 2 > 125-149

This paper discusses the theoretical assumptions behind the conception of the logic of faith and deed (LF&D) and outlines its formal-axiomatic frame and its method of construction, which enable us to understand it as a kind of deductive science. The paper is divided into several sections, starting with the logical analysis of the ambiguous terms of ‚faith’ and ‚action’, and focusing in particular...

article

Zasada aglomeracji i dylematy moralne

Marcin Drofiszyn

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia > 2019 > 14 > 4 > 89 - 104

Standard deontic logic does not tolerate normative conflicts. If we assume that one ought to do A and ought to do B, but cannot do them both, we get a contradiction within deontic logic. Philosophers who deny that there could be genuine moral dilemmas treat this fact as the proof that dilemmas are logically impossible. At the same time, the advocates of the possibility of moral dilemmas propose to...

article

Idee naukowe Leona Petrażyckiego, które przetrwały próbę czasu

Kojder, Andrzej

Studia Iuridica > 2018 > 74 > 155-161

In this paper author presents the achievemenets of Leon Petrażycki and his novelty in various areas of humanities. Petrażycki is recognised as forerunner of deontic logic, and also as creator of the principle of adeqacy, ennoblement of law, pluralistic vision of law. He exhibits primacy of legal norms over moral norm, and he establish scientific legal policy. Additionaly Petrażycki is treated as classic...

article

RuleRS: a rule-based architecture for decision support systems

Mohammad Badiul Islam, Guido Governatori

Artificial Intelligence and Law > 2018 > 26 > 4 > 315-344

Decision-makers in governments, enterprises, businesses and agencies or individuals, typically, make decisions according to various regulations, guidelines and policies based on existing records stored in various databases, in particular, relational databases. To assist decision-makers, an expert system, encompasses interactive computer-based systems or subsystems to support the decision-making process...

article

Variable Priorities and Exclusionary Reasons in Input/Output Logic

Dustin Tucker

Journal of Philosophical Logic > 2018 > 47 > 6 > 947-964

Jörg Hansen, John Horty, and Xavier Parent and Leendert van der Torre have all recently described some sort of nonmonotonic logic to model reasons and their interactions. Horty’s framework is broader in scope than the other two, encompassing both reasoning about the relative strengths of reasons and reasoning about which reasons to consider in the first place. Hansen discusses a plethora of approaches...

article

Norm-based deontic logic for access control, some computational results

Xin Sun, Xishun Zhao, Livio Robaldo

Future Generation Computer Systems > 2018 > 79 > P1 > 295-302

In this paper we study the complexity of deontic logics grounded on norm-based semantics and apply norm-based deontic logic to access control. Four principal norm-based deontic logics have been proposed so far: imperative logic, input/output logic, deontic default logic and deontic defeasible logic. We present the readers that imperative logic is complete for the 2ed level of the polynomial hierarchy...

article

Deontic Paradoxes and Tableau System for Kalinowski’s Deontic Logic K1

Janusz Ciuciura

Bulletin of the Section of Logic > 2017 > 46 > 3/4

In 1953, Jerzy Kalinowski published his paper on the logic of normative sentences. The paper is recognized as one of the first publications on the formal system of deontic logic. The aim of this paper is to present a tableau system for Kalinowski’s deontic logic and to discuss some of the topics related to the paradoxes of deontic logic.

article

On the complexity of input/output logic

Xin Sun, Livio Robaldo

Journal of Applied Logic > 2017 > 25 > C > 69-88

Input/output logic is a formalism in deontic logic and normative reasoning. Unlike deontic logical frameworks based on possible-world semantics, input/output logic adopts norm-based semantics in the sense of [13], specifically operational semantics. It is well-known in theoretical computer science that complexity is an indispensable component of every logic. So far, previous literature in input/output...

article

Dilemmic Epistemology

Nick Hughes

Synthese > 2019 > 196 > 10 > 4059-4090

This article argues that there can be epistemic dilemmas: situations in which one faces conflicting epistemic requirements with the result that whatever one does, one is doomed to do wrong from the epistemic point of view. Accepting this view, I argue, may enable us to solve several epistemological puzzles.

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Search results

Overcoming von Wright's anxiety

SIMPLEST SOLUTION TO THE DEEPEST PARADOX OF DEONTIC LOGIC

Aspekty temporalne powinności w logice deontycznej: od von Wrighta do Thomasona

Obowiązek oparty na preferencji

Deontic Concepts and Their Clash in Mīmāṃsā: Towards an Interpretation

BOULESIC LOGIC, DEONTIC LOGIC AND THE STRUCTURE OF A PERFECTLY RATIONAL WILL

On the Sick Father, the Repentant Sinner, and Other Problems in Medieval Deontic Logic

Contrary-to-Duty Paradoxes and Counterfactual Deontic Logic

Supercover Semantics for Deontic Action Logic

Dylematy moralne i logika deontyczna

HYPERINTENSIONALITY OF DEONTIC MODALS: AN ARGUMENT FROM ANALOGY

Logic of faith and deed. The idea and an outline of the theoretical conception

Zasada aglomeracji i dylematy moralne

Idee naukowe Leona Petrażyckiego, które przetrwały próbę czasu

RuleRS: a rule-based architecture for decision support systems

Variable Priorities and Exclusionary Reasons in Input/Output Logic

Norm-based deontic logic for access control, some computational results

Deontic Paradoxes and Tableau System for Kalinowski’s Deontic Logic K1

On the complexity of input/output logic

Dilemmic Epistemology

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