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Influenza is a widespread disease caused by infection with the influenza virus. Vaccination is considered to be the main countermeasure against influenza. A split vaccine is widely used to avoid severe adverse events, and it induces strong humoral immunity. However, the split vaccine alone cannot elicit mucosal immunity, including IgA production, and its preventative effects are limited. Here, we...
The H7N9 influenza virus caused significant mortality and morbidity in humans during an outbreak in China in 2013. A recombinant H7N9 influenza seed with hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments from A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9) and six internal protein gene segments from A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1; PR8) were generated using reverse genetics. We sought to determine the immunogenic,...
Although anaphylaxis is an extremely rare vaccine-associated adverse event, it occurred in young children following administration of the 2011/12 seasonal split influenza vaccine, which contained 2-phenoxyethanol as the preservative. These children had high levels of IgE antibodies against influenza vaccine components. We herein investigated why these children were sensitized. One hundred and seventeen...
Current influenza vaccines are less efficacious against antigenically different influenza A viruses. This study presents an approach to overcome strain-specific protection, using a strategy of co-immunization with seasonal H3N2 split vaccine and yeast-expressed soluble proteins of a tandem repeat containing heterologous influenza M2 ectodomains (M2e5x). Co-immunization with both vaccines in mice was...
In order to study the influence of antigen composition, spatial organization of antigen and the route of administration, four cell culture-derived, inactivated, nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine formulations, i.e. whole inactivated virus (WIV), split, subunit and virosome vaccines were prepared from a single antigen batch. We directly compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of these vaccine formulations...
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