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X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis techniques were used to study the thermal transformations of raw (Maghnia bentonite) and modified bentonite (algae extract (ulvans) within clay). XRD data showed that the basal spacing (d001) was gradually decreased from∼12.80 Å (6.90° (2𝜃)) at room temperature to about 9.97 Å (8.86° (2𝜃)) and 10.08 Å (8.74° (2𝜃)) after calcination at 200, 400 and 600°C...