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very large when a dense grid is used where the histograms are computed and combined for many different points. The current dominating solution to this problem is to use a clustering method to create a visual codebook that is exploited by an appearance based descriptor to create a histogram of visual keywords present in an
Searching images their semantic is an active problem in multimedia image retrieval. Many researchers have attempted to improve semantic models by using high-level concept based on keyword annotation. However, the annotation is tedious, in consistent, and erroneous. The retrieval process of such approaches is done by
This paper presents a new class of 2D string kernels, called spatial mismatch kernels, for use with support vector machine (SVM) in a discriminative approach to the image categorization problem. We first represent images as 2D sequences of those visual keywords obtained by clustering all the blocks that we divide
We study the problem of learning to rank images for image retrieval. For a noisy set of images indexed or tagged by the same keyword, we learn a ranking model from some training examples and then use the learned model to rank new images. Unlike previous work on image retrieval, which usually coarsely divide the images
task where the goal is to reject outliers from a set of images returned for a keyword query. Furthermore, it is evaluated on the supervised classification tasks with the challenging VOC2005 data set. Our approach yields excellent accuracy in the unsupervised ranking task compared to a recently proposed probabilistic model
information can aid the learning process given a fixed amount of labeled images. In particular, we consider a scenario where keywords are associated with the training images, e.g. as found on photo sharing websites. The goal is to learn a classifier for images alone, but we will use the keywords associated with labeled and
associated with intermediate semantic descriptors. The intermediate descriptors are used also for image categorization and for qualitative definition of semantic keywords in the user queries. For improving the initial query results, we apply a relevance feedback mechanism that uses the low -level descriptors of the images
Vector Machine (SVM). The image collection was divided into two parts, one for manual annotation and the other for testing. After being classified by SVM, the output was changed into a probability, and K-NN algorithm was applied to get the keywords for unlabeled images. The experiments show that the approach is feasible.
Semantic image retrieval using text such keywords or captions at different semantic levels has attracted considerable research attention in recent years. Automatic image annotation (AIA) has been proved to be an effective and promising solution to automatically deduce the high-level semantics from low-level visual
. The color histograms, Texture, GIST and invariant moments, used as features extraction methods, are combined together with multiclass support vector machine, Bayesian networks, Neural networks and nearest neighbour classifiers, in order to annotate the image content with the appropriate keywords. The accuracy of the
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