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Research Summary
Researchers increasingly use unstructured text data to construct quantitative variables for analysis. This goal has traditionally been achieved using keyword‐based approaches, which require researchers to specify a dictionary of keywords mapped to the theoretical concepts of
Automatic image annotation is a promising solution to enable more effective image retrieval by keywords. Different statistical models and machine learning methods have been introduced for image auto-annotation. In this paper, we propose a collaborative approach, in which multiple different statistical models are
Many academic journals ask their authors to provide a list of about five to fifteen keywords, to appear on the first page of each article. Since these key words are often phrases of two or more words, we prefer to call them keyphrases. There is a wide variety of tasks for which keyphrases are useful, as we discuss
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