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Ozonation is widely and successfully applied for many types of oxidative water treatments. Its chemical effects can be described by considering the sequences of highly selective direct reactions of molecular ozone and the reactions of the more reactive but less selective OH radicals which are always produced from decomposed ozone in aqueous systems. These radicals also control the ozone based AOPs...
2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin cannot readily be removed by conventional water treatments. Ozonation biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) process is an attractive option for MIB and geosmin removal. For MIB and geosmin with an initial concentration of 500 ng/L, the removal efficiencies of MIB (geosmin) by ozonation, biodegradation and activated carbon adsorption were 51% (73%), 19% (17%) and...
In order to study the effect of chlorine dioxide(ClO2) inactivating Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water, different factors as ClO2 concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, turbidity and organic content which might influence the inactivation were studied by using fluorescence staining method. With the Cryptosporidium and Giardia were 1×106 cysts/ml, turbidity 1.0NTU, temperature 22¡æ, pH 7.5,...
Disinfection for drinking water ought to be safe both in microbiology and in chemistry. This paper addresses by-products with carcinogenicity-mutagenicity-teratogenicity produced during chlorination disinfection. Types and formation of chlorination disinfection by-products (CDBPs) in drinking water are briefly analyzed. Toxicity and health effect of the CDBPs is reviewed. Measures to control CDBPs...
Palm oil agricultural and industry activities generate a great amount of by product, known as palm oil mills effluent (POME). The treatment conducted using membrane bioreactor has successfully removed the heavy organic component of POME but the water that remains still contain colour as its by product. This paper proposed the use of a simple silent discharge ozonizer in colour removal of treated palm...
Fluoride contamination is present in most groundwater resources and aluminium (Al) based techniques are mostly adopted for defluoridation of water because of the high affinity between aluminium and fluorides. The presence of residual aluminium in treated drinking water has become a cause of worldwide concern and aluminium based coagulants have come under scrutiny with findings of neuro-toxicity when...
Trihalomethanes are main disinfection by-products of chlorination for drinking water. Their reaction mechanism is very complex, and most water plants have no ability to detect them. Mechanism of chlorination for natural organic matters (NOM) was studied by differential ultraviolet spectroscopy in this paper, and the experimental results suggested that chlorine mainly attacked the groups which have...
The present paper deals with the efficiency of a novel macromolecule flocculant crosslinked starch-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate (CSAX) to remove Cr(VI) from water sample of a water plant. The results showed that the CSAX (1.0 mg/L) is capable of removing up to 85.4% of Cr(VI) from water sample having low initial concentration (0.221 mg/L) under the optimum conditions. The water treated...
The presence of enteric viruses in drinking water is a potential health risk. Growing interest has arisen in nanometals for water disinfection, in particular the use of silver based nanotechnology. In this study, Lactobacillus fermentum served as reducing agent and bacterial carrier matrix for zerovalent silver nanoparticles, referred to as biogenic Ag0. The antiviral action of biogenic Ag0 was examined...
Lack of safe drinking water is a major problem in rural areas, it also persists in places like irrigation districts. this study was carried out to establish the accessibility of water in rural areas of Jinghuiqu Irrigation District(JHQID). In these areas, main sources of water for domestic purposes were groundwater and the piped water coverage rate was low, only 1,204,500 residents got their drinking...
Bio-stability and health security of drinking water have become basic requirements to protect human health. The conventional water purification process, which is composed of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection, can not solve the problems of organic matters in the micro-polluted source water effectively. So the by-products generated in the chlorination disinfection increased the...
Phosphorus is one of the key elements necessary for the growth of microorganism in drinking water. It stimulates the growth and/or regrowth of microorganism and reduced biostability in drinking water. The demand for effective and inexpensive technology is to increase in response to the widespread recognition of the deleterious health effects of microorganism risk in pipe network. In this study, activated...
Studied was the comparison of ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) processes for advanced drinking water treatment. The effects by O3-BAC and GAC were evaluated based on the removal of the indexes including CODMn, UV254, TOC, BDOC, NH4+-N, NO3--N and NO2--N. The results showed that the treatment effect by O3-BAC was better than that by GAC alone. When ozone...
Ultrafiltration technology hold great promise to provide better water quality, especially for stringent requirements and thus the basic characteristics of ultrafiltration membrane was introduced and its advantages and disadvantages were discussed in this paper. Ultrafiltration membrane fouling mechanism, the factors affecting membrane fouling, and membrane pollution control measures were summed up...
For the advanced treatment of drinking water by activated carbon, the effects of adsorption on removal of dichloroacetic acid, dibromochloromethane, benzene and carbaryl in water, as well as the competitive adsorption between these pollutants were investigated with three different activated carbon (new carbon, regenerated carbon and used carbon). The results showed that good effect of the adsorption...
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is widely used gasoline oxygenate which has been recognized as a hazardous material with high risk of carcinogenesis by EPA ad RCRA. MTBE can contaminate groundwater and soil through leaking from oil products tanks in fuel farms or gas stations. Porous soils can be used to adsorb contaminants such as MTBE. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness...
A novel polyvinyl chloride hollow fiber was used in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) as bubbleless gas-permeable membrane of H2 to remove nitrate from contaminated drinking water. The reactor was operated continuously over 103 days, and the results showed that the nitrate flux of 1.38 g/m2d was achieved at the influent nitrate concentration 20 mg NO3--N/L and HRT 75 min with the effluent nitrate...
The formation of bromate by ozonation-biological activated carbon process is a problem of drinking water treatment. By pilot test, the influence of bromide ion concentration, contact time of ozone column, ozone dosage, Ct value, changes of water quality and adsorption time of activated carbon column on bromate formation and control were investigated. The results showed that when [Br-]=100~500??g/L,...
In this paper, the relationship of membrane fouling rates and the operation conditions of Clarification Membrane process had been investigated with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Base on the data of operation conditions experiment, including: filtration flux, backwashing pressure (the ratio of the pressure of backwashing/filtration), backwashing rate (the ratio of backwashing time/filtration...
We present here a new, label-free, real time and noninvasive method to detect parasites infecting water and quantify their concentration by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (E.I.S.). As far as we know, it is the first time parasites are directly detected by E.I.S.. This work comes within the scope of world water crisis whose one of main obstacles is parasite infection. As a model for waterborne...
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