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In this research, two types of nanofiltration membranes were prepared and evaluated for water softening. Their nanofiltration performance was evaluated by cross-flow filtration using NaCl (1g/l) and MgSO 4 (1g/l) solution at 5 and 10bar, 25°C and 10l/min. The morphological studies were performed with SEM and AFM instruments. In addition, the hydrophilicity of membranes was examined by contact...
Water softening has been carried out by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF). Poly(acrylic acid-maleic anhydride) sodium salt (PAM-Na), a polyelectrolyte containing COO - groups, attracts Ca 2+ and releases Na + ions. When pH is lowered, H + replaces the bound Ca 2+ . Thus, the polyelectrolyte can be regenerated and reused. A model is proposed to...
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