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The Pongamia and waste cooking oils are the main non-edible oils for biodiesel production in India. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the fuel properties and investigate the impact on engine performance using composite oil of Pongamia and waste cooking biodiesel of various proportions of 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and their ternary blend with diesel of B10, B20, B30, B40. The result of the test...
Biodiesel is renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic alternative fuel which consist various environmental benefits. Animal fats, non-edible oils and waste cooking oils are the main lipid sources of bio diesel production. Biodiesel production involves the main process of tranesterification where the triglyceride lipid source reacts into Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Glycerol. Large amount of waste cooking...
A customized 20 L airlift photobioreactor was utilized for the growth of Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11. The biomass obtained was further used for production of biodiesel. A one step transesterification process was utilized for the production of biodiesel from algal lipids. The lipid content of Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11 was determined to be 58% w/w. The biomass obtained was flocculated using chitosan (stock...
The development of continuous sonochemical reactors for biodiesel production is a crucial requirement for the biofuel industry. Sonochemical reactors make use of ultrasound and acoustic cavitation to produce biodiesel from feed stocks like vegetable oils and waste cooking oils. Numerical modelling of sonochemical conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel has been carried out in this work. Cavitation...
In this contribution we investigate the application of NIR spectroscopy to a five component system that results from the transesteriflcation reaction of dimethyl carbonate with ethanol in a reactive distillation (RD) process. We present details on the method for calibrating the spectrometer. Due to the technical conditions of the RD-process, the temperature of the liquid phase has to be considered...
The use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as catalysts for organic transformations has received increased attention in the past 10 years. A discussion of catalyst development and nucleophilic characteristics precedes a description of recent advancements and new reactions using N-heterocyclic carbenes in catalysis.
Transesterification of Waste Cotton Cooking Oil was reported. Different catalysts were studied. A maximum yield of 92% was reported for calcined eggshells catalyst. KOH and pistachio shell reported 91% and 84% respectively. The temperature, reaction time and catalyst loading were optimized to be 60°C, 60 min and 3% (wt.%) respectively for egg shell and pistachio shells. The methanol to oil molar ratio...
Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, is an environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum diesel fuel (petrodiesel). Produced by transesterification with a monohydric alcohol, usually methanol, biodiesel has many important technical advantages over petrodiesel, such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, derivation from a renewable and domestic...
Biodiesel was synthesized at large scale (400L by Batch). The 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, gas chromatography, and FT-IR analyses of the final product confirmed that in the chosen experimental conditions, the reaction is total. The biodiesel does not contain traces of glycerol. The biodiesel quality parameters that are borderline do not pose any particular problem. The electricity generator diesel engine are...
Biodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of waste frying oil. The 1H-NMR, Gas chromatography, and FT-IR analyses of the final product confirmed that in the chosen experimental conditions, the transesterification reaction was complete and the biodiesel does not contain any traces of glycerol. The transesterification of the low cost raw materials (waste frying oil and crude purified methanol)...
Refractive index is a physical property which can be used in determining the end point of transesterification in producing biodiesel. The traditional method in acquiring refractive index measurements takes place outside of a transesterification reactor making remote sensing impossible. In this study, a fiber optic cable was used to identify the appropriate wavelength to acquire the refractive index...
This research is aim to develop the automatic machine to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil. In Thailand some chef are using waste cooking oil to re-cooking food such as fried chicken, fried pork, banana fritters etc. so that, It cause cancer to consumer who eat their food. Therefore, this machine is building for alternative ways to re-use the wasted cooking oil to make the biodiesel. This way...
This chapter reviews the use of peptides as catalysts focusing on systems in which cooperativity between functional groups is in action. Starting from unstructured sequences it addresses short structured ones, those belonging to supramolecular systems, aggregates, and closes with nanosystems (like dendrimers and nanoparticles). The focus is mostly, but not exclusively, on the catalysis of hydrolysis...
The world has undergone energy crisis for array of decades in which we have not implemented any appropriate theme for the conservation of depleted supplies of gasoline and all petroleum products. Restricting ourselves to renewable sources of energy will be the better solution for their conservation. Bio-fuels are the only alternative sources of energy which can substitute the growing demand. Bio-fuels...
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and increased awareness of environmental problems, the world is looking to use alternative fuels. This paper is aimed at the conversion of waste edible oil into diesel fuel, which can then be used in Compression Ignition (CI) engines. Production of edible oil was 7.6 million tonnes in 2013–14. Sunflower oil is used in majority of the houses and restaurants in India...
The upcoming shortage of fossil fuels and the environmental threat of global climate change has led mankind to search for alternatives concerning its energy supply. Today, enormous efforts are made to maximize the productivity of biomass and identify new species of plants and processes to accomplish the future demand of food, fodder, materials and energy. Biofuels play a crucial role in mitigating...
Transesterification of waste (used) cooking oil presents an economic and environmental friendly means of producing biodiesel. In Africa and Nigeria in particular, the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil will also serve to eliminate or at least reduce a looming potential health risk associated with the consumption of over used cooking oil among the populace particularly those working in...
In order to simulate catalytic reactive distillation process for biodiesel production via transesterification accurately, the Antoine parameters of biodiesel and NRTL binary interaction coefficients were regressed using Aspen Plus Data Regression function according to the data in literatures. Then vapor pressure of biodiesel under different temperature and phase equilibrium conditions could be described...
The ionic liquid-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil with short-chain alcohols by using ultrasound (24kHz, 80W) was studied. We found that, at 60°C under ultrasonic irradiation and a molar ratio of 14:1 methanol/oil, a biodiesel yield in excess of 96% can be achieved in a remarkably short time duration of 20 min or less in comparison to 5h or more using conventional method. Therefore, this...
In the present work, biodiesel feedstock from Swida wilsoniana fruit oil was catalyzed by BrΦnsted acidic ionic liquid of 1-(4-sulfonic acid)butyl-pyridinium hydrosulfate. The ionic liquid was synthesized with acetone as solvent. The functions of ionic liquid catalyst dosage, mole ratio of methanol to Swida wilsoniana oil, reaction temperature and reaction time on process and ionic liquid properties...
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