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Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was carried out to understand the effect of the application of elastin on wound skin of hairless mice. Wound group, placebo group, and elastin group were selected to evaluate that effect. As the results of DMA testing, the wound and the placebo groups showed lower storage and loss moduli than the elastin group. On the result of loss tangent, there is a small difference...
The ultimate objective of this research is to quantify changes in joint sounds during recovery from musculoskeletal injury, and to then use the characteristics of such sounds as a biomarker for quantifying joint rehabilitation progress. This paper focuses on the robust measurement of joint acoustic emissions using miniature microphones placed on the knee and interfaced to custom hardware. Two types...
We present a new approach for the evaluation of the biomechanical properties of lower limb veins based on the simultaneous measurements of the vein cross-sectional area with B-mode ultrasound imaging and of the force exerted on the skin by the ultrasound probe. Ongoing clinical trials allowed us to identify a behavioral model of lower limb veins without and with compression stockings.
This paper presents a biomechanical and neurophysiological model of skin and Pacinian Corpuscle (PC) to simulate its neural response over few 10s of Hz to 2000 Hz obtained from experiments. The PC neural responses are studied with sinusoidal stimuli to elucidate the relation between receptor potential and action potential and its variabilities. The overall model includes mechanical signal conditioning...
In real human crowds, diversification is caused by many factors such as gender, age, skin color, clothing, walking style, psychology etc., yet most crowd simulation systems rely only on appearance related variables for diversification. This research explores improving crowd diversity by simulating the biomechanical effects of aging in humans within crowd characters. Simulated characters were reprogrammed...
Skin is a multi-layered and complex biological structure, which makes the largest mammalian organ. Its biomechanical behaviour is important in many applications either in medical or engineering field. This sudy aims to simulate human skin deformation based on the information and comparing the biomechanical parameter with experimental procedure developed earlier. The experimental protocol to measure...
Collagen is believed to be one of the principal load bearing components of skin. This implies that deformation of collagen microfibrils play an important role in determining the extent of skin deformation under applied loads. We have developed a novel technique for generating internal strain maps of bundles of collagen microfibrils in the skin. The technique relies on digital image correlation (DIC)...
Skin impedance is an excellent surrogate marker of skin permeability. Physical and chemical modalities that serve to increase skin permeability have direct applications in transdermal drug delivery. We have shown that the electrical impedance of skin, and consequently its permeability, can be changed by up to 60% by uniaxial stretching. This is of significant because electrical impedance has been...
The increasing number of skin-related diseases for the past decades has increased the awareness in our society about the factors that might contribute to it. In this paper, the effects of daily physical exposure, lifestyle and type of food consumed on human skin are discussed. One hundred UiTM staffs were chosen based on their different characteristics to undergo a skin test and answer questionnaires...
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multi-cellular organisms. The apoptosis process of animal cells is characterized by a series of changes on the cell body such as loss of membrane symmetry, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis is of great importance as a cellular process, whereas the malfunction of which would lead to a variety of disease...
Knowing biomechanical properties of human skin is important for clinical decision making as well as clinical intervention. Measuring these properties in vivo is essential. However, existing devices don't respect the fact, that human skin is an anisotropic material. Nowadays devices investigate mostly the human skin anisotropy by uniaxial testing. This leads leads to distorted information. In this...
In our previous work, we proposed a process optimized hollow silicon (Si) microneedle structure on a silicon chip, which had the highest aspect ratio (AR) reported so far. The 150 micrometer (μm) tall optimized microneedle structure with an AR of about 30:1 was fabricated by reactive ion etch or RIE process on a p-type 500 μm thick Si substrate for drug delivery applications. In this paper we have...
The mechanics of the skin and subcutaneous tissues are as central to the sense of touch as the optics of the eye is to vision and the acoustics of the ear is to hearing. Recent published theories of the functional morphology of glabrous skin micro structures and their associated nerve endings are developed in this paper to form a new concept, that of direct tactile edge encoding by the skin. Through...
The purpose of this study is to monitor the autonomic nervous system with average skin temperature and its variability, of which both are compared with heart rate variability. Six healthy male college students participated in a test which is composed of rest for 5 min., exercise for 20 min. and recovery for 10 min. to measure their ECG and skin temperature with BIOPACK. The test found similarity between...
Recently laser generated ultrasound has been excessively exploited for characterizing multilayer materials and one of its increasing usage in medicine is recognition of skin properties. Regarding some optical properties of human skin and using finite element method (FEM) and ABAQUS, we represent a numerical analysis of coupled thermal and mechanical field and simulate the surface acoustic waves (SAWs)...
In recent times, the occurrence of diabetics has become an increasingly alarming issue. It is also an established fact that diabetics is closely associated with foot related issues, which if not noticed at an early stage may lead to amputation of foot. For early detection it becomes a vital necessity to measure the skin properties such as hardness and foot pressure. But, so far no integrated system...
Cell signaling is one of the fundamental processes that control the cell fate. It modulates the cell shape and mechanics. To identify the dynamic signaling pathway in situ, we need tools that are capable of monitor the real-time elasticity and viscosity changes as well as structural rearrangements. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been demonstrated to be an effective instrument to visualize membrane...
The modeling of needle insertion into tissues is important for simulation of this procedure and for robotic technologies applied to percutaneous therapy. In this article, we present a first attempt to develop a general force model for the needle insertion throw different tissue layers (skin, fat and muscle) to reach an internal organ (the liver, for instance) with objectives of control, looking for...
Up to now, mostly blunt human-robot impacts were investigated in the robotics literature. In this context, the influence of robot mass and velocity during rigid impacts with and without the possibility of the human being clamped was quantified. In this paper an analysis of soft-tissue injuries caused by sharp tools, which are mounted on/grasped by a robot is carried out as the next step down the road...
A new flexible, dry electrode is examined for recording surface electromyographic signals and compared to a conventional Ag/AgCl electrode. A suitable dry electrode would enable practical implementation of wearable mobility monitoring systems. Results from a preliminary experiment are presented in this paper. Measurements were performed on the right tibialis anterior during a series of small and large...
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