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Recent technological advancements in the field of nanotechnology have increased the computation power of the wireless nodes while adhering to the energy constraints. This has made the use of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), more widespread, used in applications such as area monitoring, industrial monitoring, vehicle detection or military monitoring. Sensor nodes have made it possible to collect...
This In the Parallel itinerary based KNN query processing we have routing phase, KNN boundary estimation and spatial irregularity which uses the routing protocol called Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR). This GPSR offers routing support for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However GPSR was designed for the symmetric links (bidirectional reachable), but sensor networks are often asymmetric in...
Wireless sensor networks are equipped with batteries with limited charge, and are often deployed in conditions that make their retrieval and replacement infeasible. Thus, energy conservation has been a primary consideration for protocol design for such networks. Recent advancements in the transfer of energy wirelessly over large distances, such as through radio frequency electromagnetic (EM) waves...
Energy is a key concern in sensor networks as sensor nodes have a limited battery power and can not be replaced. In order to conserve energy efficiently, we proposed a sink movement scheme by traversing the whole network region to gather data from sensors within one or two hops along an Archimedean spiral trajectory. As the trajectory has a constant linear velocity and angular velocity, the sink can...
Low-latency data delivery is an important requirement for achieving effective monitoring through wireless sensor networks. When sensor nodes employ duty cycling, sending a message along the shortest path, however, does not necessarily result in minimum delay. In this paper, we first study the lowest latency path problem, i.e., the characteristics of a path with minimum delay that connects a source...
Inexpensive sensors capable of significant computation and wireless communication with limited energy resources are available. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of network. Several network layer...
Providing an efficient communication for the underwater wireless sensor networks is a significant problem due to the unique characteristics of such environments. Radio signal cannot propagate well in deep water, and we have to replace this with the acoustic channel. This replacement results in many issues like high latency due to less propagation speeds, low bandwidths and high error probability....
In wireless sensor networks, limiting energy consumption of sensors and prolonging the network lifetime have been important reasons to evaluate routing protocol's performance. This paper proposes a routing metric, which takes into remaining energy and load of the sensor nodes, trying to balance network traffic and protect the low-power and high-load nodes. Base on this metric, we also propose a new...
ZigBee is a standard that is suitable for wireless sensor networks. In ZigBee, sensor nodes can be connected by a tree topology called distributed address assignment mechanism (DAAM). It has the merits as follows: 1) it is easy to implement; 2) it simplifies the task of routing. It restricts the number of children and the depth of the network by setting a topological parameter set, which is defined...
Although commonly used sensor nodes are resource-limited devices, enabling cooperation among these devices can help building very powerful systems. Besides other characteristics, storage capabilities of individual sensor nodes have to be considered as this might be very small compared to the collected sensor data. The temporal availability of sink nodes or the importance of collected data are not...
A primary criterion of designing wireless sensor networks is energy efficiency. Focused on the energy problem of routing protocol in wireless sensor networks, we must mention to the clustering routing protocol. LEACH is one of the first clustering routing algorithms for sensor networks, and it is able to increase the network lifetime. However, it selects a cluster head based on random probability...
Presently available schemes for data centric storage in sensor networks usually use geographical routing protocols to communicate data between sensor nodes. However, sensor nodes are required to know their locations for them to use geographical routing protocols. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol that does not rely on location information, and thus can be used for data centric storage...
One of the fundamental operations in sensor networks is convergecast which refers to the communication pattern in which data is collected from a set of sensor nodes and forwarded to a common end-point gateway, namely sink node, in the network. In case of multiple sinks within the network, the total load of the network has to be balanced among these sinks to minimize the problem of packet loss in the...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of autonomous devices equipped with sensors to cooperatively monitor certain physical or environmental phenomena, such as temperature, vibration, pressure, or pollutants, at different locations. These devices called sensor nodes (SNs) have sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities. One of the significant features of SNs is their limited battery...
In this paper we deal with biomedical applications of wireless sensor networks, and propose a new quality of service (QoS) routing protocol. The protocol design relies on traffic diversity of these applications and ensures a differentiation routing using QoS metrics. It is based on modular and scalable approach, where the protocol operates in a distributed, localized, computation and memory efficient...
In a wireless sensor-actuator network (WSAN), sensor nodes deliver messages with sensed values to only nearby nodes due to weak radio. Messages are forwarded by sensor nodes to an actuator node by a routing protocol like a flooding protocol. In the redundant data transmission (RT) protocol, a sensor node sends a message with not only its sensed value but also sensed values received from other sensor...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely studied and usefully employed in many applications such as monitoring environment, embedded system and so on. In WSNs, substantial nodes are deployed randomly over the entire desired area; therefore, the sensing regions of different nodes may be partially overlapped. This is referred to as the sensing coverage problem. In this paper we first define...
A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes that are randomly deployed. This network is formed to perform the critical mission. The essential elements for the wireless sensor network are a source and sink. Source senses stimulus initiating a critical mission and transmits collected data to a sink. In the wireless network, the environment where a single sink and a large number...
In many scenarios, sensor nodes have to rely on a limited supply of energy (using batteries). To support long lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSN), an energy-efficient way of operation of the WSN is necessary. In this paper, we propose a new controlled layer deployment (CLD) routing protocol to guarantee coverage and energy efficiency on a sensor network. CLD outperforms PEAS (probing environment...
Routing in sensor networks is an area of research, with a still-limited but rapidly growing set of research results. Although many of these routing techniques look promising, there are still many challenges that need to be solved. Another interesting issue for routing protocols is node mobility. Most of the current protocols assume that the sensor nodes and the base station are stationary. However,...
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