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We designed a plasmonic absorption electro-optical modulator using graphene-insulator-graphene configuration. By applying an electric field, we are able to tune the graphene's fermi level and thus modulate the optical absorption. Having a width of 80 nm, this modulator easily integrates with electronic components, and reaches a 3dB extinction ratio with a length of only 400 nm.
We calculated the optical contrast of silver nanospheres embedded in a lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) film in relation to various volumetric concentrations (<5%) of the nanospheres using Mie theory to approximate the extinction spectra, after assuming PZT to be isotropic. Then, we determined the nanosphere radius for large shifts in extinction efficiency that yields high contrast (as high as 12...
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