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The paper deals with the task of estimating methanol concentration in the process of methyl-tert-butyl ether production by soft-sensor. A comparative analysis of the methods for determining of the main informative input sets for the soft-sensor model is presented. The dynamic soft sensor modeling based on the use of convolution sums in order to take into account the time of measurement delay is used...
The measurement of ratio of product recovery in industrial methanol distillation is of high economic importance and represent a key performance index (KPI) of the distillation unit. In current operations, the product recovery of many industrial distillation units are not actively monitored, instead back calculated from daily production reports. The active monitoring of product recovery can be a costly...
Current process industries such as refineries and pharmaceutical industries have been facing increasing challenges with respect to productivity, reducing waste and energy consumption, as well as environmental and safety issues becomingly increasingly comprehensive. One way to address these issues is to utilize online dynamic simulation via process modelling and control software. While there are multiple...
In this paper, we present a modeling and simulation study of an Off grid PV system for hydrogen production using methanol electrolysis process. A design of this PV system is proposed taking into account the minimum value of methanol electrolysis cell power input. Mathematical models of each component of the system are presented. Using a semi-empirical relationship between hydrogen production rate...
The power requirements of mobile devices are continuously increasing, so direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have attracted increasing attention. A zigzag-type DMFC has been proposed as suitable for mass production. In this study, computer simulations were used to assess the output current density characteristics of a zigzag-type DMFC in which the air supply was obtained using a flow channel.
The power consumption of portable devices such as smartphones and notebook PCs has increased in recent years with advances in their performance. Therefore, a power supply with a higher energy density is required for these devices. Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have a theoretical energy density that is ten or more times greater than that of the current lithium ion batteries, which makes them candidate...
Distillation is the most important process in producing fruit distillates, since it defines its aromatic composition. Moreover, it is inevitable to recover toxic compounds during distillation. In particular, methanol, an abundant compound in fruit wines, is toxic for human consumption. Therefore, its concentration may be regulated in alcoholic beverages as lower as possible. The objective of this...
Nonlinear low-order models are developed for two coupled distillation columns separating a ternary mixture of methanol, ethanol and 1-propano!. The approach is based on well-known spatio temporal pattern formation phenomena in distillation processes also termed as nonlinear wave propagation. In a first step, the energy balance is neglected assuming constant molar flow rates in each column section...
This paper describes application of a model for predicting the flash point of binary alcohol mixtures. To confirm the predictive efficiency of the derived flash points values, the model was verified by comparing the predicted values with the experimental data for the selected mixtures. The flash points values determined were similar to those of predicted ones. However, the measured and predicted flash...
Natural gas is one of the important energy resources and the consumption is rapidly increasing worldwide. In many cases, pipe networks are used for the gas supply to consumers. The temperature along the pipeline continues to decline. Gas hydrates are formed when free water exists in nature gas under appropriate pressure-temperature conditions. And it is a cage-like structure around a smaller guest...
Azeotropic distillation is a special case of multicomponent distillation used for separation of binary mixtures which are either difficult or impossible to separate by ordinary fractionation. It is commonly used to separate close boiling mixtures with far fewer trays than in conventional distillation and with less circulation, resulting in lower equipment and energy costs. It is widely used for the...
This contribution addresses the development of a Linear Quadratic regulator (LQ) for controlling concentration profiles along a catalytic distillation column which is modelled by a set of coupled hyperbolic Partial Differential and Algebraic Equations (PDAEs). The methodology is based on an infinite-dimensional representation of the system and solving the related Operator Riccati Equation (ORE). The...
A four-cell air-breathing micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) stack with two double-side patterned PDMS distributors was designed, fabricated, and tested in this paper. A novel n-inlet and n-outlet (NINO) smooth parallel flow field was first introduced. Based on the NINO smooth parallel flow field, the other three kinds of parallel flow field: square protrusion parallel flow field, semicircle...
A new process of biodiesel production by transesterification cottonseed oil with ethanol using tetrahydrofuran (THF)as cosolvent was investigated. The result shows that triglyceides and ethanol could easily dissolve each other with THF in reaction mixture. The order of factors effect on conversion is as follows: molar ratio of ethanol/oil > reaction temperature > concentration of cosolvent>reaction...
Waste cooking oil is a potential alternative of refined vegetable oil for biodiesel production due to its low cost and elimination of its disposal problem. The concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs) in WCO dictates the type of chemical treatment required for biodiesel production: a single esterification reaction is considered at high content of FFAs, whereas, a combination of estrification and transestrification...
Direct methanol fuel cell is a complex nonlinear system, which is difficult to establish accurate mathematical model and control. In this article, we use state-space model to analyze this system. In terms of application, we make use of multi-variable fuzzy control theory and design a parameter adaptive fuzzy PID controller to solve some problems such as time variation and uncertainty in system control...
The jatropha curcas methyl ester can be produced through a transesterification reaction by using an alkaline catalyst with an alcohol as the excess reactant. The reaction was carried out in a batch mixed reactor under various operating condition. The kinetics study on the transesterification of jatropha curcas-based triglycerides with methanol was carried out under various temperatures (323, 328,...
The integrated power system under consideration, consists of the fuel processor (reformer and preferential oxidation reactors), the fuel cell and the heat management system. In the reformer reactor, methanol, air and water are co-fed to produce hydrogen under autothermal conditions. The produced hydrogen due to the high content of CO (>5000 ppm), is treated in the preferential oxidation reactor...
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