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Human-Robot Interaction: to what degree can a military leader leave the robot to act on its own as opposed to the margin left for human decision-making in combat? This article covers our understanding of autonomy and the opportunity military leaders have in using autonomous military robotic systems in field operations. There is a pre-condition: all machines, including autonomous lethal robotic systems,...
International approval for countries to explore deep sea mining for economic growth and development are ready to proceed with autonomous robots to extract minerals for economic growth and development and, simultaneously, maintaining sustainability. This paper examines the multi-level frameworks of international organizations and national policies and laws on deep-sea mining and robot development and...
This paper presents an overview of some the issues concerning Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS), mostly with respect to the current state-of-the-art in the concerned areas of technology, but also — albeit to a somewhat lesser degree — in a more general context that will, perhaps, not be so easily invalidated by technological progress. When all is considered, the paper attempts to answer the...
Key Points • The oversight responsibilities for genetic testing in the United States (US) are shared by multiple governmental and non-governmental entities, including federal and state government agencies, healthcare payers, professional associations, and other sectors. This chapter describes: • The complex array of US oversight mechanisms and responsibilities related to genetic testing and...
Legal frameworks regarding usage of substances placed huge demands on company’s data management. Data exchange provides technical and logistical problems. Some online systems offer core collection of data. This central method means manually interfacing with an internal system, problems with data security and intellectual property protection and dependence on externally controlled systems. A key problem...
This chapter discusses the four critical elements supporting corporate management infrastructure, which are control systems, laws, ethics, and governance mechanisms. When one of these elements is broken, the other three elements are also broken because they are all tightly intertwined and closely connected. The infrastructure chain is as strong as its weakest link. The goal is to create a control‐rich,...
Game strategy is a provocative and inspirational way of thinking about how to grow and gain control in the marketplace. This chapter discusses that game strategy starts where most managers in everyday business stop, namely in front of the ‘rules and laws’ of the market, by going ‘beyond positioning.’ Game Strategy can always add something on top to spark a ‘bigger’ inspiration, to contribute new perspectives...
Comparative adsorption and catalytic CdSe, CdTe and (CdSe)x(CdTe)1-x solid solutions properties are examined on the example of the CO and its participants-reactants (CO, O2) oxidation. Similarities and differences in their behavior are revealed. Adsorption and catalytic studies results full correspondence is shown. Individual and joint mechanisms of the CO catalytic oxidation reactants adsorption...
Laws and regulations must be considered in the requirements engineering process to help ensure legal compliance when developing software or engineering systems. To incorporate legal compliance considerations into the requirements engineering process, we introduce a preliminary extension of the SQUARE methodology, called L-SQUARE. In this paper, we develop L-SQUARE by discussing legal compliance concerns...
Information system developers must ensure that their systems comply with government laws and regulations. To demonstrate compliance, developers can trace from statements in law to their system specifications while preserving how they identify and interpret ambiguity. In this paper, we present an application of the legal requirements specification language (LRSL) as a means to encode laws into a machine-readable...
Taking the features of data in low and high frequency texts and the frequencies which such features emerge in a single text into consideration, the paper sets up a vector space model for part of texts of field. Then the paper also establishes a classifying and clustering method with features of classification and clustering by designing and constructing the two-dimensional analytic indexes of similarities...
The paper, based on researches, analyses the status and problems of Tianjin city disasters emergency management system. The paper, by analyzing the connotation of city disasters emergency management system and the need to set up it, and learning from advanced emergency management experience in other cities at home and abroad, points out the corresponding countermeasures on building Tianjin city disasters...
In the context of the economic crisis, China should actively encourage e-commerce, to promote employment, expanding domestic demand. But At present, there are still loopholes and gaps in tax collection on China E-commerce, for example, there is confusion in the use of network transactions tax policy, Regulations are not sound, e-commerce is difficult international, lack of special tax incentives,...
The concentration ratio indicates the concentration of production management in a particular industry and is and important index to reflect industry and market structures. This paper applied concentration ratio (CRn) method, Lorenz curve and Gini Coefficient into analyze the absolute concentration ratio and relative concentration ratio for China construction industry market with 2002 to 2008 statistical...
The paper reviews the development of public participation at the international level and describes the basic situation of public participation in China's mine environmental protection. Then the paper analyzes the reasons for inadequate public participation in China's mine environmental protection and offers suggestions for strenthening public participation in this field with reference to foreign countries'...
The progress of marine circular economy legislation in China should be guaranteed by corresponding legal system. But with the unestablished mode of current Marine Circular Economy Legislation in China as well as the unsound laws and regulations, the existing legislation cannot adjust to the development pace of marine economy. Therefore, it's a must to improve our marine circular economy legislation...
The messuage and rural house is the most important estate of farmers possessed, and the guarantee of their rights of residence, which should be mainly protected by the country. However, the current running laws and regulations have limits on its transfer, and the house of farmers to be the unmovable capital that can not be effectively used. This paper had an analysis on the risks and weakness emerged...
Individual commercial households have always been the toughest group for taxation since they have not normative account, and some of them even without any record. So the local tax authorities have to determine a fixed taxation standard periodically for them in accordance with approved procedures. Although this method is comparatively scientific, many questions do exist. One of the questions is that...
Recently, two complementary approaches are proposed to represent, model, and analyze laws: the Nomos and VLPM approaches. Nomos is a goal-oriented approach to effectively capture high-level principles in terms of goal realization for requirements guided by satisfiability of normative propositions obtained from rules embedded in a law. The latter offers a tool supported (re-)engineering methodology...
With the continuous advance of E-government, government agencies become more dependent on it, while the issue of information security is more serious. Therefore, strengthening the information security assurance system of E-government is of great urgency. This paper first analyzes information security risks of E-government from three aspects: management, technology and laws. On this basis, the paper...
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